1. Parts of a Cell
Module A
U.1, L.3

2. QU. of the Day! Answer in your Ntbk
Why weren’t cells discovered until 1665? What invention made their discovery possible?

3. Cell Parts DNA (Nucleus in Eukaryotes) Cytoplasm Organelles
Common to ALL Cells
DNA (Nucleus in Eukaryotes)
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Cell Membrane

4. Cell Membrane - What? 2 layers of phospholipids
- Function: Acts like a fence and a gate
separates the inside of the cell from its environment
Controls what substances enter and leave the cell - Oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, food, etc…
- Located:
In plant cells, it is to the inside of the cell wall
In animal cells, it is the outermost part of the cell

5. Nucleus What? Largest organelle, roundish, Function:
covered by a nuclear membrane
Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle
– helps make ribosomes
Chromatin – strands of genetic
material
Found in all Eukaryotes
Function:
The cell’s control center,
library (DNA- books)
Contains the material for heredity (GENES)

6. Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Go to Section:

7. Ribosomes What? Smallest, round-ish, organelles. Not surrounded by a
membrane.
Function:
Protein factories,
where amino acids are
hooked together
Located: In cytoplasm. In Eukaryotes, some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
What? A system of membranes, Internal delivery system, tubes, passageways, ‘roads” flat sacks
2 types Rough E.R. (ribosomes) and Smooth E.R.
Function: Produce, process and transport proteins and lipids, and break down harmful substances.
Smooth E.R. – Produce lipids
Rough E.R. – produce proteins

9. E.R.

10. Golgi complex
What? Looks like ER but nearer to cell membrane – a stack of pancakes. In cytoplasm.
Plant and animal cells
Function: “The Shippers”. Packages stuff to go different locations in and out of the cell

12. Lysosomes What? “suicide cells”/“Clean-up crew”
Function: Contain enzymes to digest unwanted stuff, to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use, and to destroy old cells
In both plants & animals

13. More strange stuff…
The enzymes in lysosomes eat away the webbing between the fingers of human embryos
They destroy a tadpole’s tail when it is no longer needed!

14. Mitochondria (-ion) What? The “Powerhouse
Function: Makes ATP using (breaks down) food and oxygen
ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
Has a double membrane

16. Cytoplasm What? A watery gelatinous substance that fills the cell
Function:
Suspends and supports all the organelles in the cell
Serves as a medium for many metabolic reactions

17. Strange but True
Both chloroplasts and mitochondria may have been bacteria infecting the first cells!
Evidence: double membranes, they can reproduce by themselves
Did you know? Your mitochondria have DNA only from your Mother!

18. Cytoskeleton What? Protein fibers found throughout cell
Includes centrioles and spindles
Function: Provide support and shape, sometimes movement

19. This image shows some animal cells
This image shows some animal cells. They are stained with fluorescent labels to help visualise the cytoskeleton with microtubules (green), actin filaments (red), and the nucleus (blue).

20. Chloroplasts
What? Organelles that contain a pigment chlorophyll. Have double membrane
Function: Where photosynthesis takes place
Plant cells only!

21. Inside a Chloroplast

22. Vacuoles What? A fluid filled vessicle/sac Large - Mostly in plants,
Small – in animal cells
Function:
Storage –Water (plants) Enzymes/waste/nutrients in animals
Pigments-They make a rose red and a violet blue…

23. Cell Wall
What? Rigid structure, surrounds cell membrane. Plant cells only
Made of cellulose or chitin (carbohydrates)
Function: Provide Structure and rigidity
Remember: A plant has no bones!

24. More parts….????
Peroxisomes
Microtubules
Centrioles

25. Name the parts

26. Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Section 7-2
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies

28. Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts
Cell Membrane
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Golgi Body
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Rough ER

30. Examples of Types of Cells

31. Cheek or epidermal cells
Cells from a leaf