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CR≠UR: CR may be preparatory response for US

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Presentation on theme: "CR≠UR: CR may be preparatory response for US"— Presentation transcript:

1 CR≠UR: CR may be preparatory response for US
- CS tone->US shock->UR fast heartbeat, breathing but then: CS tone->CR slower heartbeat, breathing - CS injection->US morphine->UR less pain but then: CS injection->CR more pain sensitivity What gets learned? - Pavlov's view: CS-CR conditioned reflex - modern view: CS-US association, such that CS provides info about US - note: backward conditioning (US before CS!) fails

2 Fig. 4.17

3 INSTRUMENTAL or OPERANT CONDITIONING
cats in puzzle box (Thorndike, 1898) - trial and error; incremental learning Law of Effect - response is automatically strengthened when followed by reinforcement ("satisfying state of affairs"); automatically weakened when followed by punishment ("annoying state of affairs")

4 Fig. 4.7

5 Fig. 4.8

6 Fig. 4.9

7 Operant conditioning vs. classical conditioning:
- operant cond. - reinforcement depends on response; class. cond. - reinforcement (US) comes regardless - operant response is emitted and voluntary; classical cond. response is elicited and involuntary - What is learned? in operant cond. - a BEHAVIOR in classical cond. - a SIGNAL (CS-->US) - Through what mechanism? operant: Law of Effect: CONSEQUENCES (but delay of reinforcement weakens response!) classical: CONTIGUITY... so far! - "conditioning", because changing the conditions changes response frequency; not under conscious control even though voluntary!

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