2. Mini Quiz
1. Behaviorists believe that all of the important causes of behavior can be found in an individual's
a. unconscious mind.
b. conscious mind.
c. personality traits.
d. environment.

3. Mini Quiz 2. Behaviorism has its philosophical roots in
a. associationism.
b. empiricism.
c. hedonism.
d. all of the above

4. Mini Quiz
3. It has been suggested that chronic anxiety is the result of
a. pairing a primary reinforcer with a punisher.
b. the law of effect.
c. repeated exposure to stimuli that are unpredictable and random.
d. second-order conditioning and stimulus generalization.

5. Mini Quiz
4. When the presentation of a fingernails and a chalk board is frequently preceded by the an irritating sound, this will likely make one
a. salivate.
b. flinch at the sight of fingernails and a
chalk board.
c. show no response to fingernails and a chalk board.
d. start to enjoy irritating noises.

6. Mini Quiz 5. Test 2 was ____ than test 1. a. easier. b. harder.
c. about the same.

7. Types of Learning 1) Habituation 2) Classical Conditioning
3) Operant Conditioning

9. B. F. Skinner Noted differences between the types of learning.
How is classical conditioning different then either Thorndike’s or Hull’s theories?

10. Operant Conditioning
Classical = animal does nothing to its environment.
Operant = The animal alters its environment.

11. Reinforcement Theory Operant Conditioning Behavior Reward
Used to control behavior
Behavior
Reward
Behaviors that are rewarded are more likely to be performed in the future

12. Reinforcement Theory
Operant Conditioning

13. Reinforcement Theory
Operant Conditioning

14. Skinner Box

15. Skinner Box

16. Skinner Box

17. Skinner Box
Sniffy Program

18. Operant Conditioning Superstitious behavior Shaping behavior
Baseball players
Shaping behavior
Getting him to open the car door
Skinner legend

19. Group Activity
Identify one behavior in yourself that you would like to change
Determine a system of rewards and punishments that you could use to change this behavior
Do you think this would work?

20. Did Skinner really raise his daughter in a Skinner Box?
Picture from Ladies' Home Journal: "Baby in a Box.”

21. Question Why are you going to college? What are you dating someone?
Why are you listening to this lecture?
You do all of these things because of a long history of rewards and punishments!

22. Classical vs. Operant Conditioning
“Reactions” to the world
Emotions
Traits: anxiousness, neuroticism, depression
Operant
“Actions” toward the world
Behaviors
Traits: Extraversion, argumentativeness, kindness

23. Behaviorism Pros Cons Controlling behavior Focus on the observable
Mental life
Motivation
Thought
Cognition