1. The Scientific Revolution
Chapter 21 Lesson 1

2. Scientific Breakthroughs
Ptolemy – Astronomer of antiquity
Ptolemic System – Uses Ptolemy and Aristotle’s ideas to create a model of the universe
Geocentric – earth was at the center of the universe
Ptolemic System

3. Scientific Breakthroughs
Earth is fixed (doesn’t move)
Moon is in first layer
Mercury is second
Venus is third
Sun is 4
Tenth sphere is “prime mover”
Beyond tenth is Heaven, where God resides
Ptolemic System

4. Copernicus Mathematican Heliocentric – sun centered
Sun was center, and all the planets revolved around it, except the moon
Rotation of Earth on its axis

5. Kepler
Elliptical (egg shaped)
Sun was at the end of the ellipse

6. Galileo Galilei Italian Scientist who used the telescope
What were the planets made of?
Using the telescope he found:
Mountains on Earth's moon
Four moons revolving around Jupiter
Sunspots
Everything was made of some material like earth was
How do these fit together? We need to still explain motion

7. Sir Isaac Newton Three laws of motion
Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it
For every action there is a equal and opposite reaction
Universal law of gravitation
Every object in the universe is attracted to every other object by a force called gravity
Explains why the planetary bodies continue their elliptical orbits around the sun

8. Medicine and Chemistry
Andreas Vesalius -  Accurately described the individual organs and general structure of the human body
William Harvey showed that the heart, not the liver, as Galen had thought, was the beginning point for the circulation of blood. 
Blaise Pascal experimented with how liquids behaved under pressure – Syringe and hydraulic press
Robert Boyle - Boyle's Law, which states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted on it

9. Philosophy and Reason René Descartes – Doubt
Forget all he has learned and start again
Accepted only what his reasoning said was true
“I think, therefore I am”
“The mind cannot be doubted but the body and material world can, the two must be radically different”
 Father of rationalism. This system of thought is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.

10. Francis Bacon
Use inductive reasoning (proceeding from the particular to the general)
Observation and experimentation of animals and objects (particular) will lead to an understanding of the natural world (general)
A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence