1. Amalia Sholehah Jurusan T. Metalurgi FT – UNTIRTA
TITRATION METHODS

2. Titrations are based on a reaction between analyte and a standard reagent  titrant
The rection is of known and reproducible stoichiometry
Titrimetry includes a group of analytical methods that are based on determining the quantity of a reagent of known concentration that is required to react completely with the analyte.

3. Titrimetric methods : Gravimetric Titrimetry Volumetric Titrimetry
Coulometric Titrimetry
Redox Titrimetry
Amperometric Titrimetry
Spectrophotometric Titrimetry

4. Terms in Volumetric Titrimetry
Standard solution (standard titrant)  a reagent of exactly known concentration that is used in titrimetric analysis
Equivalence point  theoretical point in a titration that is reached when the amount of added titrant is chemically equivalent to the amount of analyte in the sample

5. End point  the point in a titration when a physical change occurs that is associated with the condition of chemical equivalence
Titration error (Et)
Et = Vep - Veq
where Vep = actual volume (end point)
Veq = theoretical volume (equivalence
point)

6. Primary standard must be :
Primary standard  a high purified compound that serves as a reference material
Primary standard must be :
High purity
Atmospheric stability
Contain no hydrate water
Modest cost
Resonably soluble in titration medium
Have a resonable large molar massa

7. Secondary standard  a compound whose purity has been established by chemical analysis and serves as reference material for titrimetric method

8. Ideal standard solution :
Must be sufficiently stable
React rapidly with the analyte
React (more or less) compeletely with the analyte
Undergo a selective reaction with the analyte
Standard solution preparation :
Direct method
Standardization