1. The Reformation
Christianity divides

2. Church Basics

3. Remember: The Church was incredibly powerful and influential.
They taught that they could not be wrong about anything.
If you disagreed you could be excommunicated.

4. ChristianiTree The Christian Church Catholic Protestant Bible
Greek Orthodox
Catholic
Protestant
Bible
Jesus Christ
Heaven
Salvation
Baptism

5. Catholicism Authority from Bible and tradition
Salvation earned through good works
Only clergy have say in church matters.
Mass in Latin.

6. The Eastern-Orthodox Branch Protestant (Calvinists, Lutherans)
The Christian Church
The Eastern-Orthodox Branch
Catholic
Church
Protestant (Calvinists, Lutherans)
For most of Christian history, there was only one branch.
There was no Catholic, no Baptist, no Evangelical, etc.
Around 1000 there was a division in the church.
The East and West churches split over who should be the leader.
Reformation
Around 1500 the Reformation led to a split in the Church that remains to this day.
Many people had come to believe the Church needed to be fixed.

7. Causes of The Reformation

8. 1. Money Problems
The Church became increasingly interested in getting rich.
The pope spent tons of money on his own entertainment.
Donations from people were not enough to make them happy.
They came up with new ways to make money from the people.

9. I don’t know what this says but I’m sure it’s important!
Priests for Pay
Priests made quite a bit of money and did not have to pay taxes.
The church made money by letting people pay to be priests.
This led to some priests not knowing much about the Bible.
I don’t know what this says but I’m sure it’s important!

10. Heaven? No problem! That’ll be 5 dollars.
Indulgences
They taught when you died you had to work off your sin in purgatory before going to Heaven.
They then sold indulgences, passes to shorten the time there.
It seemed like they were selling tickets to Heaven.

11. 2. Strong Monarchs
Increased their power by supporting reformers

12. 3. Growth of Doubt
Reading led people to realize the church might not know everything.
The behavior of some priests during the Black Death gave people doubt.
Humanism led to new ideas about the importance of every individual.
Wait a minute… This says I shouldn’t murder people!
I’ll tell you what, why don’t you just go ahead and bless yourselves?

13. Humanism During the Renaissance, everybody was religious!
Humanism was not opposed to religion.
Many paintings dealt with religious subjects.
Humanism was a balance between religious faith (from the heart) and reason (from the brain).

14. However…
Humanism emphasized the ability of humans to think and reason for themselves!!!

15. 4.Advances in Knowledge
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church

16. How did the Scientific Revolution affect the Protestant Reformation?
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Scientific knowledge proved parts of the Bible wrong, for example the earth-centred universe

17. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

18. Martin Luther

19. Martin Luther Luther was a Catholic priest.
He visited Rome early in his career.
He saw other priests acting sinfully and began to question church doctrine.
He did not believe the church could provide salvation.

20. Luther disagreed with indulgences because he said only God could forgive sins, not man.
He directly challenged the church on this and other issues.
He risked excommunication and even death.

21. Luther’s Challenge
Luther nailed 95 arguments (theses) to the door of the local church for all to see.
Simpsons: Treehouse of Horror (not sure what number)

22. Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

23. Luther’s 95 Theses: Only faith can lead to salvation, not good deeds
Bible is the ONLY source of religious truth.
Priests do not have special powers to speak to God.
Bible/service should be in local language so all can truly experience them.

24. Luther's 95 Theses
To aid the spread of his ideas, Luther translated Bible into German
Translation allowed more people to read Bible without aid of clergy
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

25. He sparked the Protestant Reformation - when some Europeans (Protestants) broke away from the Catholic Church and formed NEW Christian churches

26. Reactions to Luther Church’s Response
1520, Pope Leo X expelled Luther from the Church
1521, Luther summoned to appear before Holy Roman emperor Charles V
German Diet
Luther appeared before emperor, German Diet, or assembly, at city of Worms
Refused to change opinions
Edict of Worms
Emperor handed down Edict of Worms
Declared Luther to be outlaw, condemned his writings
Luther’s ideas spread
Protestant
1529, Charles V tried to suppress Lutherans in Germany
German princes issued protestatio, protest, against this
Term Protestant came from this

27. The Pope’s Response
Luther was excommunicated after he refused to take back his statements.
He had the support of German nobles who protected him.
His ideas spread very rapidly over Europe despite the church’s response.

28. Results Luther’s idea spread rapidly throughout Europe.
Millions of people converted to Protestantism.
Some people went so far as to violently rise up against the Church’s control.
He was a hero to some, a criminal to others.
Protestant
Catholic

29. CHRISTIANITY
E. ORTHODOX
CATHOLIC
PROTESTANT