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Transversity & Hall-B at JLab
H. Avakian, L. Elouadrhiri Jefferson Lab International Workshop on Transversity Trento June 2004 Introduction Factorization and spin-azimuthal asymmetries at CLAS Transition from exclusive to semi-inclusive processes Summary & Outlook Note mes
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Polarized Semi-Inclusive DIS
Cross section defined by scale variables x,y,z Hadron-Parton transition: by distribution function f1u(x): probability to find a u-quark with a momentum fraction x Parton-Hadron transition: by fragmentation function Dπ+ (z): probability for a u-quark to produce a p+ with a momentum fraction z. 1u
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SIDIS studies require:
Factorization in SIDIS into a distribution function f fragmentation function D and hard scattering part. Applicability of partonic description at JLab energies Low W and Q^2 Low MX in ep->e’h+X Control over background processes Resonances in the t-channel Exclusive vector mesons H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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SIDIS factorization SIDIS (g*p->pX) x-section at leading twist:
Ji et al. Structure functions FUU,FLL… factorize into TMD distributions (hep-ph ) P┴ has contributions from distribution, fragmentation and soft gluon radiation H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Contributions to s in Polarized SIDIS
Twist-2 TMDs from Mulders et al sUU ~ sLL ~ Sivers sUT ~ sUT ~ Collins sUL ~ KM Kinematic factors depend on the beam energy
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Quantum Phase-Space Distributions of Quarks
Wpu(k,r) “Mother” Wigner distributions Same PDFs in exclusive and semi-inclusive analysis d2kT d3r IPDs Wpu(x,r) GPDs Hpu(x,x,t), GDAs Fudp+(x,x) dr|| FT TMD PDFs fpu(x,kT), TMD FFs Dup+(kT,z) IPDs Wpu(x,rT),… GPD d2r x=0,t=0 d2kT dx Measure momentum transfer to target Direct info about spatial distributions Measure momentum transfer to quark Direct info about momentum distributions PDFs fpu(x),… FFs Dup+(z) Form Factors F1pu(t),F2pu(t ).. H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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The CLAS Detector Scattering of 5.7 GeV
polarized electrons off polarized NH3 and unpolarized hydrogen ~8M p+ in DIS kinematics,SIDIS Q2>1.5GeV2,W2>4,y<0.85, beam polarization 73% target polarization 72% (f=0.2) H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Missing mass of pions in ep→e’pX
D++ p- D0 MX>1.4 (Q2>1.5,W2>4) applied to exclude the kinematics where t-channel resonances may have significant contribution H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Multiplicities and Factorization
DIS: Q2>1 W2>4 MX>1.1 (1.4) y<0.85 Dup+ KKP (LO) The fraction of p from struck quark in a range 0.5<z<0.8 is not changing significantly with beam energy (LUND studies). No significant variation observed in z distributions of p+ for different x ranges H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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A1p shows no significant Q2 and z dependence
ep → e’ p+ X ( Ee =5.7 GeV, MX > 1.1) A1p x dependence of CLAS A1p (A2=0) consistent with HERMES data and factorization. H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Longitudinally Pol Target: Twist-2 SSA for p+
SSA: x-dependence CLAS (5.7 GeV) is consistent with predictions for Collins effect from Efremov et al. hep-ph/ First indication of a non-zero sin2f moment (Kotzinian-Mulders asymmetry) AULsin2f is a clean source of Collins SSA H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Target SSA: sinf moment (HERMES effect)
Target SSA measured at different E,W consistent At least 3 possible sources! H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Beam SSA: sinf moment (CLAS @4.3 GeV)
ssinfLU ~FLU=HLT’~ 1/Q (Twist-3) Beam SSA shows no significant dependence on W,E H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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ALU from CLAS 4.3 and 5.7GeV data
DIS-cuts Q2>1 GeV2 W>2 GeV y < 0.85 0.5 < z < 0.8 5.7GeV No significant dependence on beam energy 4.3 GeV No significant ALU dependence on Mx beyond the neutron. H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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ALU x-dependence: CLAS @ 4.3 and 5.7 GeV
Photon Sivers Effect Afanasev & Carlson, Metz & Schlegel Beam SSA analyzed in terms of the Sivers effect by F.Yuan using h1┴ from MIT bag model 0.5<z<0.8 Beam SSA analyzed in terms of the Collins effect by Schweitzer et al. using e(x) from cQSM 4.3 GeV and 5.7 GeV data consistent H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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ALU z-dependence: CLAS 4.3 vs. 5.7 GeV
Data also consistent with z-dependence of the Collins function from Efremov et al. Sivers effect by F.Yuan using h1┴ from MIT bag model z-dependence of ALU at 4.3 GeV and 5.7 GeV consistent with increase at low z H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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2 pion electroproduction Kinematics
z-pion related to cosq H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Exclusive p+p- and p+p0 e p e p e- p e- nr+ π+π0 π+ π- n
r0 PID by Mpp and missing π- r+ PID by Mpp and missing neutron Fit Mpp with a BW + polinomial background. H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Beam SSA for exclusive p+p0
Missing mass Invariant mass Significant positive beam asymmetry for exclusive r+ H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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p+ SSA from r(p+p-) r+ r0 (CLAS @5.7GeV)
Modulation exist even for vanishing helicity change amplitudes r+ r0 p+ SSA at large z may have a significant contribution from r H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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SSA for p0 from ep->e’r+n
Different contributions from r for different pions SSA from r+n may affect SSA for SIDIS p0 at large z H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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SSA in ep->e’pX PYTHIA at 5.7 GeV
Larger fraction of p+ from r at low x and large z r contribution to SSA (~20%) may be responsible for the difference in p+ and p0 beam SSA at large z H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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SSA in ep->e’pX HERMES 27.5 GeV CLAS 5.7 GeV Strange pattern: p0 SSA bigger at very low and very large z H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Target SSA in exclusive p0 production
HERMES 27.5 GeV ep->e’p0p Large positive p0 target SSA in the exclusive limit confirmed by CLAS at 5.7 GeV H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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LUND MC with Long. Pol. Target: SSA for p+
f distributions from MC vs 5.7 CLAS data. Fiducial cuts on e,p+ and smearing applied. sinf and sin2f moments arising from the Collins effect added in MC using predictions from Efremov et al. Phys.Rev.D67:063511,2003 Simulated and reconstructed SSA moments consistent H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Long. Pol. Target SSA for p+ at 12GeV
large x + high luminosity 6 GeV The sin 2f asymmetry for 2000 h of projected CLAS++ data. x,PT – dependence of AULsin2f may provide access to h1L(x,PT) Efremov et al. H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Transverse Target SSA at CLAS and CLAS++
5.7GeV Collins AUT ~ Expected precision of the AUT and extracted du/u from transverse spin asymmetry 0.5<z<0.8 Sivers AUT ~ Separate the Sivers effect using different kinematic dependences 11GeV Simultaneous measurement of SIDIS, exclusive r,r+,w and DVCS asymmetries with a transversely polarized target. H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Exclusive vector meson production at CLAS and CLAS++
Provide access to different combinations of orbital momentum contributions Ju,Jd r0 -> 2Ju + Jd r+ -> Ju - Jd w -> 2Ju - Jd Significant transverse target SSA predicted for exclusive r0, r+ (Goeke et al hep-ph/ ) H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Summary Current CLAS data are consistent with a partonic picture:
The data consistent with factorization (no x/z-dependence observed in single and double spin asymmetry measurements). Spin and azimuthal asymmetries extracted for SIDIS p+ are in agreement with theory predictions and measurements at higher energies. Measured asymmetries (<sin2f>, <sinf>, …), provide a unique access to new transverse momentum dependent distribution and fragmentation functions Global analysis of SSA for exclusive and semi-inclusive final states with polarized beam and target needed for separation of contributions from different mechanisms and precision measurements of underlying distribution functions. H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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CLAS Transverse target at 5.7 GeV
“Chicane” magnets needed to re-steer the primary electron beam With the B field (5T) pointing perpendicular to the beam direction Mollers being focused into the torus coils between the sectors H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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The CLAS Detector ++ Forward Cerenkov Forward EC Forward DC
Inner Cerenkov Central Detector Preshower EC Forward TOF Torus Cold Ring Coil Calorimeter H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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DIS Cuts z Rapidity (h>1) and xF cuts related to z cut
H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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CLAS ++ - Performance H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
Forward Detector Central Detector Angular coverage: Tracks (inbending) 10o - 40o 42o - 135o Tracks (outbending) o - 40o o - 135o Photons 3o - 40o 42o - 135o Track resolution: dp (GeV/c) p p pT dq (mr) df (mr) Photon detection: Energy range > 100 MeV > 50 MeV dE/E (1 GeV) (1 GeV) dq (mr) (1 GeV) (1 GeV) Neutron detection: heff (p > 1.5 GeV/c) Particle id: e/p >>1000 ( < 5 GeV/c) >100 ( > 5 GeV/c) p/K (4s) < 3 GeV/c 0.6 GeV/c K/p (4s) < 5 GeV/c 1.1 GeV/c H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Q2 EIC clas (upgraded) compass hermes clas
H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Sivers and Boer (T-odd ) distribution functions
T-odd functions change sign from DIS to DY (Collins-02) Boer et al. scalar diquark f1T┴u=h1┴u f1T┴d=0 F. Yuan MIT bag model Bacchetta et al scalar+vector diquarks (non-0 f1T┴d) Anselmino et al (pp scattering) 0 in large class of chiral soliton models (cQSM) d-quark u-quark d-quark contribution suppressed H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Rho-MC: ALU for g*p->p+X
E=27.5 GeV H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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Beam SSA for exclusive events
Beam SSA for p0,p+,r+ are consistent H. Avakian, Trento, June 2004
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