3. Epidemiology

5. Venous Pathophysiology

6. Etiology

7. Risk Factors and Screening Tips

8. History, Precipitating Factors, and Complications

9. Patient Assessment

10. CEAP Classification

11. Current Treatments

12. Catheter-based Treatments

13. Sclerotherapy and Sclerosing Agents

14. Physician-made Foam for Sclerotherapy

15. FDA-approved Polidocanol Injectable Foam

16. VANISH-2 Efficacy

17. VANISH-2: Symptom Results – VVSymQ™ Scores

18. Safety Trial for Patients With PFO

19. Contraindications

20. Clinical Outcomes

21. Low DVT Risks of All Options

22. Varicose Veins Is Cosmetic Treatment Medically Necessary?

23. Take-Home Messages

24. Take-Home Messages (cont)

25. Abbreviations

26. References

27. References (cont)