1. Transport of Ion & Small Molecules Across Cell Membranes
Mina Pakzad

2. ATP powered pump: Pumps utilize the energy released by ATP hydrolysis to power movement of specific ion against its concentration gradient. Ion channels: They move ions down their concentration gradient. Transporters: Uniporters- moves one ion down the concentration gradient Symporter, Antiporter_ AKA cotransporter, they couple the movement of one type of ion against concentration gradient with movement of another down its concentration gradient.

3. Model of uniport transport by GLUT 1
Glucose binds to the outward-facing site.
Conformational change results in binding site’s facing inward towards the cytosol.
Glucose releases in the cell.
Reverse conformational change.

4. Operational model of the calcium ATPase in the SR membrane of skeletal muscle cells

5. Operational model of the Na/K ATPase in the plasma membrane