1. Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response
Chapter 17, part B
Specific Defenses of the Host:
The Immune Response

2. The Results of Ag-Ab Binding
Figure 17.9

3. Antibody titer:
Is the amount of Ab in serum
Figure 17.10

4. Monoclonal Antibodies
Hybridomas are produced by fusing a cancer cell with an Ab-secreting plasma cells
The hybridoma cell culture is immortal and produces monoclonal Abs (Mabs)
Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells
Chimeric Mabs: Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region
Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding

5. Monoclonal Antibodies
Figure 17.11

6. Immune system cells communicate via cytokines
Interleukin-1 Stimulates TH cells
Interleukin-2 Activates TH, B, TC, and NK cells
Interleukin-12 Differentiation of CD4 cells
-Interferon Increase activity of macrophages
Chemokines Cause leukocytes to move to an infection

7. Cell-Mediated Immunity
Specialized lymphocytes, mostly T cells, respond to intracellular Ags
After differentiating in the thymus, T cells migrate to lymphoid tissue
T cells differentiate into effector T cells when stimulated by an Ag
Some effector T cells become memory cells

8. Pathogens entering the gastrointestinal or respiratory tracts pass through:
M (microfold) cells in
Peyer's patches which contains
Dendritic cells which are antigen-presenting cells and
T cells

9. Dendritic cells present antigens
Figure 17.12

10. T Cells Helper T Cells (CD4, TH)
TH1 Activate cells related to cell-mediated immunity
TH2 Activate B cells to produce eosinophils, IgM, and IgE
Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8, TC)
Destroy target cells with perforin

11. T Cells Delayed Hypersensitivity T Cells (TD)
Associated with allergic reaction, transplant rejection, and tuberculin skin test
Suppressor T cells (TS)
Turn off immune response when Ag no longer present

12. Helper T Cells
Figure 17.13

13. Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
Figure 17.14

14. Nonspecific Cells
Activated macrophages: Macrophages stimulated by ingesting Ag or by cytokines
Natural killer cells: Lymphocytes that destroy virus-infected cells, tumor
Figure 17.15

15. T-independent Antigens
B cell
Figure 17.17

16. T-independent Antigens
Figure 17.16

17. Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Figure 17.18