1. POWERPOINT 14
Descent into War,

2. War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861
Lincoln calls for troops to quell “rebellion”
States make decision on secession
Northern advantage
Population
Industry
Southern advantages
Could fight defensive war
Military academies
Cotton
Strategy for South is to fight defensively, while North wants to capture Mississippi River
Anaconda plan

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©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Southern Secession

4. War Begins: April 1861 to July 1861 (cont.’d)
Neither side has clear advantage in civil leaders
Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers, the Union 500,000
Bull Run (Manassas Junction) first real battle
J.E.B. Stuart
“Stonewall” Jackson
Causalities were fairly even, but Confederates won
Women participate in war from earliest days
Dorothea Dix
Clara Barton

5. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), July 21, 1861

6. War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862
Lincoln has problems finding competent generals
George McClellan
John Fremont
War takes tremendous toll from the beginning on economy and homefront
Northern blockade is effective against South
Trent Affair cuts short southern attempt to get foreign help

7. War Takes Command: August 1861 to March 1862 (cont.’d)
General Ulysses Grant successfully pushes towards Mississippi River
Fort Donelson
Ironclads enter war in both Union and Confederate Navies
USS Monitor
CSS Virginia

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©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Campaigns in the West

9. The Union on the Offensive: March to September 1862
With McClellan stalling, Union troops at Shiloh, Tennessee, win victory over South
William T. Sherman
New Orleans falls to Union troops
David Farragut
Confederates resort to conscription
Seven Days’ War
30,000 killed and wounded
Conflict was not decisive for either side

10. Battle of Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862

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©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Peninsula Campaign, 1862

12. Slavery under Attack Slavery becomes more central issue
Union troops accept runaway slaves as “contrabands”
Lincoln begins to plan his Emancipation Proclamation
Copperheads
South wins Second Battle of Manassas but sustains losses at Antietam
25,000 killed and wounded at Antietam
By end of 1862, war is effectively a stalemate

13. Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862
©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Campaigns in Virginia and Maryland, 1862

14. Lee’s Invasion of Maryland, 1862; Battle of Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862
Web

15. Discussion Questions
What were the advantages and disadvantages of both the North and the South as the war began?
Compare and contrast the war strategies of the Union and Confederacy. Why did the North win?
Examine the Emancipation Proclamation. What effect did it have on the war?
Evaluate the presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Was he an effective wartime president? What were his greatest mistakes?