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The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
6 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam
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The Rise and Spread of Islam
Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam The Arab Empire of the Umayyads From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
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Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
Background Bedouins Camel herding Agriculture
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Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
Clan Identity, Clan Rivalries, and the Cycle of Vengeance Clans Grouped into tribes Shayks Free warriors Rivalry
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Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World
Towns and Long-Distance Trade Entrepots Mecca Umayyad clan, Quraysh tribe Ka’ba Medina
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Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad
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Marriage and Family in Pre-Islamic Arabia
Women have important roles Polygyny, polyandry
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Poet and Neglected Gods
Animism, polytheism Including Allah
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The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam
Background Banu Hasim clan Orphaned Mecca Khadijah Revelations, 610 via Gabriel
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The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam
Persecution, Flight, and Victory Ka’ba gods threatened Invited to Medina, 622 Hijra Return to Mecca, 629 Arabs and Islam Umma
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The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam
Universal Elements in Islam 5 Pillars Acceptance of Islam Prayer Fasting during Ramadan Payment of zakat Hajj
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The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and 8th Centuries
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The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
Death, 632 Succession struggle Consolidation and Division in the Islamic Community Abu Bakr Ridda Wars
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The Arab Empire of the Umayyads
Conquest Motives for Arab Conquest Conversions Booty Weaknesses of the Adversary Empires Sassanian Empire Zoroastrianism Dynasty ended, 651 Byzantium
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The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split
Uthman 3rd caliph Murdered Ali’s supporters proclaim him caliph
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The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split
Ali Rejected by Umayyads Siffin, 657 Loses suppor Assassinated, 661 Son, Hasan, renounces caliphate Son, Husayn Killed, Karbala, 680
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The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split
Division Sunni – Umayyads Shi’a – Ali’s descendants Mu’awiya Caliph, 660
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The Umayyad Imperium Push west Stopped at Poitiers, 732 Retain Iberia
Converts and “People of the Book” Malawi, converts Dhimmi, people of the book Jews, Christians Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus
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The Umayyad Imperium Family and Gender Islamic ideas prevail at first
Multiple marriage acceptable in certain cases Equality of men and women in worship Many hadiths recorded by women
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The Umayyad Imperium Umayyad Decline and Fall Revolts Merv
Abassid revolt 750, Umayyads defeated by Abassids
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From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
Sunni rule repress Shi’a Baghdad New capital
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Emergence of the Abbasid Dynasty
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From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance Town and Country: Commercial Boom and Agrarian Expansion Urban expansion Ayan
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From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era
The First Flowering of Islamic Learning Building Mosques, palaces Preservation of Greek thought Indian number system passed on
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Global Connections: Early Islam and the World
Spread of Islam Unprecedented in scale, scope Special place of commerce influential Preservation and expansion of inherited knowledge Diverse linguistically, ethnically
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