1. Introduction to the Plant Kingdom
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2. Aquatic to Terrestrial Life
Early Ancestors
Aquatic to Terrestrial Life
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Aquatic Ancestor
Closest living species to a possible land plant ancestor
Group of green algae
Chara
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4. Algae & Land Plant Similarities
Both contain chlorophyll (chemical that helps plant do photosynthesis)
Have chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
Store starch
Cellulose in cell walls
Need Similar nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, etc..)
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Plant Divisions
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Vascular System
Xylem tissue carries water and minerals upward from the roots
Phloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or used
Sap is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem
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Nonvascular Plants
Do not have a vascular system
Called Bryophytes
Require a constantly moist environment
Reproduce w/ spores
Sporophyte stage
Gametophyte Stage
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Nonvascular Plants
Plants can’t grow as tall
Cells must be in direct contact with moisture
Materials move by diffusion cell-to-cell
Needs water to transport sex cells to other plants.
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Nonvascular Plants
Includes mosses and liverworts.
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10. Main Parts of Vascular Plants
Shoots
-Found above ground
-Have leaves attached
- Photosynthetic part of plant
Roots
-Found below ground
-Absorb water & minerals
-Anchor the plant
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11. Seedless Vascular Plants
Includes club moss, horsetails, and ferns.
Horsetails
Whisk ferns
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12. Seed-Producing Vascular Plants
Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Gymnosperms = seeds in cones
Angiosperms = seeds in flowers
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Gymnosperms
Includes pine, cedar, spruce, and fir
Cycad
Ginkgo
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Gymnosperms
Contains the oldest living plant – Bristle cone pine
Contains the tallest living plant – Sequoia or redwood
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Angiosperms
Flowering plants
Seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary
Ovary is within a flower
Flowers are made of both male + female parts.
Most Angiosperms produce fruits to protect or help spread the seeds.
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Monocots
Parallel venation in leaves
Flower parts in multiples of 3
Vascular tissue scattered in cross section of stem
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Dicots
Net venation in leaves
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Vascular tissue in rings in cross section of stem
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Plant Uses
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19. Why We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce oxygen for the atmosphere
Produce lumber for building
Provide homes and food for many organisms
Prevent erosion
Used for food
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20. More Reasons We Can’t do Without Plants!
Produce wood pulp for paper products
Source of many medicines
Ornamental and shade for yards
Fibers such as cotton for fabric
Dyes
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