1. Mountain Building

2. Formation Mountains can be formed in many different ways.
Collision of plates
Spreading of plates
Faulting
Folding
Uplift

3. Collision of Plates

4. Spreading of Plates

5. Faults Breaks in the rock along which movement occurs Three Types
Normal Faults
Reverse Faults
Strike-Slip Faults
All 3 can produce mountains

6. Hanging Wall/Foot Wall

7. Normal Faults Caused due to tension (pulling apart)
The hanging wall drops
The foot wall stays up

8. Grand Tetons

10. Reverse Faults Caused due to compression
The hanging wall is pushed up over the foot wall

11. Appalachians

13. Strike-Slip Faults Caused due to shearing forces
Hanging/Foot walls move side to side
Mountains can be formed when the fault is bent causing plates to grind against one another

16. Folding A bending of the rock due to compressional forces.
2 types of folds
Anticlines
Synclines

17. Anticlines An upfold in the rocks
Oldest rocks found at the center of the fold

18. Synclines A downfold in the rock
Oldest rocks found along the edges of the fold

19. Limbs
Folds are connected by limbs that run diagonally up or down

21. Metamorphic Rocks
Formed when igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks or sedimentary rocks are changed due to intense heat or pressure.
Solid State Reactions (rock stays in a solid state during the process)
These changes can change the minerals, the texture or both depending on the conditions.

22. Heat – Deep burial or magma rising
Burial – temperature changes 30 degrees for every km of depth in the crust
Magma rising through the crust will also add temperature to existing rock layers.
Hot fluids can also change composition with ions found in super-heated water.

23. Pressure Due to the burying of sediment
Collisions from plates squeezing the existing rocks

25. Types of Metamorphism Contact Found near igneous intrusions
Isolated rock layers undergo metamorphosis

26. Regional Found across broad regions
Entire rock layers undergo metamorphosis
Usually foliated
Burying and collisions

29. Classifying Metamorphic Rocks
Texture
Foliated – Layers and bands present
Nonfoliated – No layers or bands present
Grain Size
Coarse Grain – Large crystals
Fine Grain – Small crystals