1. The Beginning of the Civil War

2. Quiz- Chapter 10/Causes of the Civil War
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3. Advantages/Disadvantages Plans of War
Who should win?
Advantages/Disadvantages
Plans of War

4. Secession
South believed that they would no longer be represented equally because new Republican gov’t did not support their way of life (slave system)
“The only hope for its preservation…is out of the Union.”
SC, AL, MI had committed to secession if Lincoln won the election
State convention held in Dec SC leads other states (MI, FL, AL, GA, LA, TX) to secede

5. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

6. Northern Responses to Secession
Buchanan denounced secession as unconstitutional, but said it couldn’t be stopped by force
Blamed it on Republicans’ refusal to compromise
Called for obedience to Fugitive Slave law, amendment to protect slavery & annexation of Cuba
Lincoln said revolution was only a “moral right when exercised for a morally justifiable cause”
Refused calls to compromise on expansion of slavery
Rejected proposals to let the seceding states leave the Union
Refused to give up federal powers over military forts in South (which CSA needed to become a nation)

7. The Confederate States of America
Constitutional convention met in Montgomery, Ala. Feb. 4, 1861
Mostly copied U.S. Constitution
Emphasized states’ rights
Guaranteed protection of slavery
Provisional government established:
Jefferson Davis named President
Alexander Stephens named Vice President

8. Lincoln’s First Inauguration, March 1861

9. I. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Confederate officials began seizing federal property-mints, arsenals, and military posts.
Fort Sumter was a Federal outpost in Charleston, SC.

10. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Confederate forces asked for its surrender.
Lincoln refused and sent ships with supplies.
Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. 
Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.
The Civil War began.

11. The War Begins
Lincoln’s decision to resupply Ft. Sumter was stroke of genius
Fulfilled Inaugural Address pledge to hold federal property in rebel states
Forced rebels to make decision to start war
Davis decided to take fort before resupply ships arrived
Beauregard shelled fort April 12-13, 1861
Anderson surrendered April 13
Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to put down rebellion on April 15
VA, NC, TN & AR seceded & joined CSA

12. Rating the North & South

13. Slave/Free States Population, 1861

14. Railroad Lines, 1860

15. Resources: North & South

16. Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

17. Northern Advantages Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated
Larger population
North 22 million
South Only 9 million
More ships
Larger, more efficient railroad system
More industry - 81% of nation’s factories
Better banking system to raise $ for the war
75% of nation’s wealth

18. Northern Disadvantages
Fought on Southern lands
Divided support for the war
Many believed the South had good chance of winning
Lincoln’s failure to secure a good general

19. George McClellan, Again!
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan, Again!

20. McClellan: Too cautious

21. Southern Advantages Fighting a defensive war Local support of all men
familiarity with terrain
Motivation: seeking independence, unified support
Short communication lines/ friendly population
Experienced officer corps- (Lee, Jackson, Pickett)
Cotton - necessary for textile factories of England and France
Slave Labor part of the war

22. The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee

23. Southern Disadvantages
Smaller population
Few factories to manufacture weapons and supplies
Poor transportation system
Weak federal government = not strong enough to control Southern states
Jefferson Davis did not have complete power like Lincoln

24. The Union & Confederacy in 1861

25. Overview North’s Civil War Strategy:
“Anaconda” Plan
Goal: surround the Confederacy and squeeze them into submission

26. The Anaconda Plan Capture Richmond and force surrender
Expel Confederates from border states
Gain control of the Mississippi River to Stop the transport of:
soldiers
Weapons
Ammunition
Clothes
Food
other supplies needed
Blockade southern ports to stop
cotton shipments
supplies from foreign nations

27. Southern Strategy
Goal: to be recognized as an independent nation in order to preserve their way of life
Defend its homeland, holding onto as much territory as possible until the North got tired of fighting (war of attrition)
Capture Washington, D.C.
Control border states
Gain England's support
Expel Union troops from South

28. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 South Carolina
The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter. Major Robert Anderson of the United States Army had moved his troops to the base because he feared a Confederate attack. In the early morning of April 12, 1861, the Confederates launched an attack. Northern troops under Anderson’s command returned fire, but were ineffective. The Confederacy continued its attack with prolonged gunfire, and the Union troops in the fort surrendered a day later. One Confederate soldier and four Union soldiers were killed in the battle.
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29. First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861
Virginia
First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861
The First Battle of Bull Run took place on July 21, General Irvin McDowell led the Union army toward Richmond, Virginia. General P.G.T. Beauregard’s Confederate troops intercepted them. The battle lasted about five hours. Confederate forces began to retreat due to losses, except General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson who continued to fight until reinforcements arrived. The reenergized Confederates pushed McDowell’s forces out of the area. Union casualties were high, almost three thousand; and the Confederates suffered two thousand casualties.
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30. Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 Tennessee
The Battle of Shiloh raged from April 6 until April 7, Union troops had found Confederate General Albert Johnston’s forces near Corinth Road, but they were not prepared for an attack. The Southern troops forced them to retreat toward the river. Although the Confederate soldiers had gained ground, they suffered many losses. On the second day the Union army claimed ground in the early morning, throwing off Beauregard’s troops. The Confederacy, however, had an exceptional defense and stopped the Union soldiers before the Confederates retreated.
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31. The War at Sea
The Battle of the Ironclads also is known as the Battle of Hampton Roads and the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack. This battle was fought off Sewell’s Point near Hampton Roads, Virginia. It was the first naval battle between two ironclad ships, the Union’s USS Monitor and the Confederacy’s CSS Virginia, which was rebuilt from the USS Merrimack.
The battle took place over two days, and the Virginia destroyed many of the Union’s wooden ships. The next day, the two ironclads clashed at sea, and the Virginia was damaged. Neither side claimed victory in this battle, but the battle revealed the future of naval warfare. Ironclad, steam-driven ships were at a decisive advantage against wooden sailing vessels.
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