1. INVERTEBRATES AND VERTEBRATES
By: Willie Johnson and Lauren Conerly
Ap biology
5th pd.

2. Animal Classification
Animal Kingdom
Invertebrates ( No backbone)
Vertebrates (Backbone)
Cnidarians
Roundworms
Annelids
Echinoderms
Chordates
Sponges
Flatworms
Mollusks
Arthropods

3. What is an Invertebrate?
Invertebrates are organisms that do not have backbones.
95% of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates.

4. Symmetry Arrangement of the individual parts of an organisms Radial
Bilateral
Asymmetrical
Body parts arranged in a circle around a central point
Parts are mirror images of each other
Bodies cannot be divided into matching halves

5. Cnidaria: Corals, Hydras, and Jellyfish

6. Cnidaria Characteristics
Cnidaria comes from the Greek word nettle
All cnidarians have stinging cells called nematocysts in tentacles surrounding their mouths
They come in two body shapes:
Polyp: usually attached to the vase
Medusa: free-swimming and bell-shaped

7. Cnidaria Characteristics
Cnidarians reproduce both sexually and asexually
Polyp forms reproduce asexually by budding
Some polyps also reproduce sexually be releasing sperm or eggs
Medusa forms have a two-stage life cycle in which they reproduce both sexually and asexually

8. JELLYFISH HYDRAS They live in fresh water. They spend most of
They spend their entire
life as polyps.
Hydras have tentacles
that catch their food.
They move from place to
place.
Hydras are very small animals.
Reproduce asexually by budding.
They spend most of
their life as medusa.
They swim.
Jellyfish catch
shrimp, fish, and
other animals in its
tentacles also.
Reproduces sexually to produce polyps; then each polyp reproduces asexually to form new meduae

9. Platyhelminthes: Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented Worms

10. Mollusks Gastropods – most have one shell Live in water or on land
Move by gliding their large muscular foot along a trail of mucus

11. Arthropoda Characteristics
Arthropods are a group of invertebrates with
jointed appendages, such as claws, legs, and antennae, and a hard exoskeleton. They also have bilateral symmetry.
They are the only invertebrates that can fly
Includes Insects, Spiders, Ticks, Mites, Centipedes, Millipedes, Crustaceans

12. What’s a vertebrate? WHAT’S A CHORDATE?
A chordate animal with a backbone: Mammals, reptiles, amphibians, shark rays, ray-finned fishes, lobe-fins
WHAT’S A CHORDATE?
Animals that at some point have a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal slits/clefts and a muscular post-anal tail

13. Dorsal hollow nerve chord PHARYNGEAL SLITS/Clefts
NOTOCHORD
Dorsal hollow nerve chord
PHARYNGEAL SLITS/Clefts
A longitudinal, flexible rod that runs along the anterior-posterior axis in the dorsal part of the body
It provides skeletal support
Present in all embryos and some adults
Develops into the central nervous system (brain and spinal chord)
Clefts- One of the grooves that separate the pouches along the pharynx
Slits- Form from clefts, communicate to the outside and can develop into gill slits or into the jaw and inner ear in terrestrial animals.

14. ORIGIN OF VERTABRATES
Vertebrates made their fist appearance approximately 530 million years ago, thought to derive from the aquatic chordate Myllokunmingia
Genomic and fossil evidence suggests that vertebrates evolved from craniate which evolved from invertebrate chordates.
Most likely that lancelets diverged from tunicates and vertebrates diverged from lancelets

15. LANCELET TUNICATE CRANIATE
Small blade shaped marine chordate lacking a backbone
Sessile marine chordate lacking a backbone
Chordate with a head

16. QUIZ

17. QUESTION 1
What percentage of the animal kingdom is made up of invertebrates?
A.) 50 %
B.)37%
C.)80%
D.)95%

18. QUESTION 2
Bodies that cannot be divided into matching halves are called:
A.) Symmetrical
B.)Bilateral
C.)Asymmetrical
D.)Radial

19. QUESTION 3 Vertebrates are thought to specifically derive from:
A.) Marine life
B.) Lancelets
C.) Tunicates
D.)Craniate

20. QUESTION 4 What is a notochord?
A.) It develops into the central nervous system
B.) One of the grooves that separate the pouches along the pharynx
C.) A longitudinal, flexible rod that runs along the anterior-posterior axis in the dorsal part of the body
D.) Form from clefts, communicate to the outside and can develop into gill slits or into the jaw and inner ear in terrestrial animals.

21. QUESTION 5
Name 3 examples of invertebrates and 3 examples of vertebrates