1. stele
A stone slab on which a three dimensional sculpture or relief has been carved

2. Much of what we know about Mesopotamia comes from reliefs
Much of what we know about Mesopotamia comes from reliefs. A relief is a sculpture that is partially carved out of a slab called a
Mesopotamian rulers had their most important achievements recorded on steles.
stele
ON the Victory Stele, King Naram-Sin is pictured as taller than the other men. He wears a horned crown to make him look like a god.

3. where several groups of people are ruled by a single powerful leader
Chapter 6 Exploring Four Empires of Mesopotamia
INTRODUCTION
An is a large territory
where several groups of people
are ruled by a single powerful leader
or government
***Lack of unity left the Sumerian city-states open to attacks.
empire

4. Group after group conquered the area formerly ruled by independent city-states and created empires. However, no one proved strong enough to control the area for a long period of time.
In this lesson you will learn about four of the empires that ruled Mesopotamia from approximately 2300 – 539 B.C.E.

7. He created his empire through powerful
6.2 The Akkadian Empire
Ruled by K I N G S A R G O N
He created his empire through powerful
m i l i t a r y s t r a t e g i e s
A strong king and skilled general
HOW????
He assembled a l a r g e
a r m y
2. Taught his soldiers to fight in
T i g h t f o r m a t io n s

8. Sargon
used his
MiLiTARY SKiLLS
to win territory
for his empire

9. Became the first king to demand that his sons rule after his death
How did Sargon keep control of his empire?
Destroyed the walls of the cities to make it harder for people to rebel
Made sure the governors of city-states were loyal to him->>or they were replaced
Became the first king to demand that his sons rule after his death

10. E M P I R E Sargon and Akkadians greatest achievement???
CREATING THE WORLD’S FIRST
E M P I R E

11. Life Under Akkadian Rule
6.3
Life Under Akkadian Rule
Sargon built up his city with T R I B U T E S,
Money and goods collected from conquered peoples
Became especially well-known for their beautiful three-dimensional sculptures
Carved stones
Called
S T E L E S

12. A G A D E Capital city? Used Sumerian irrigation techniques to farm
3 Cultural Aspects???
Used Sumerian irrigation techniques to farm
Used cuneiform writing
Same gods and goddesses

13. Sargon hopes his empire lasts
for thousands of years
BUuuUuUuUT later kings
found it difficult to rule such a
large territory
200 years later, the Akkadian Empire falls to new invaders from The north

14. King of B A B Y L O N Next ruler to unite all of Mesopotamia
Section
6.4
H a m m u r a b i
King of
B A B Y L O N
Region became known as
B A B Y L O N I A

15. C O D E O F LAWS Best known for his
Covered trade, payment for work, marriage, and divorce
P U N I S H M E N T S for:
stealing
causing injury
crimes

16. Important achievement because even
though it did not treat all people equally in
terms of laws and punishments
******It was the first written code of
laws to apply to everyone
The laws were carved on a stele and placed in a temple for everyone to see
People now know their rights
and responsibilities

17. Accomplishments of Hammurabi
6.5
Life in the Babylonian Empire
Accomplishments of Hammurabi
Made MARDUK
Supreme God
Built roads and
created postal
service
Kept irrigation
systems
working properly
*****The city of BABYLON was on the banks of the
Euphrates and became an important center for trade of
grain and woven cloth
FOR
wood, gold, silver, precious gems and animals

19. fathers chose their husbands
******WhY WaS BaByLoNiAn sOcIeTy uNuSUaLly fair?
Laws treated different classes differently but even slaves had rights
Could keep wages
Own property and
Buy freedom
SLAVES
WOMEN
Could own property and
keep money of
their own
Unfortunately,
fathers chose their husbands

21. (282 Laws)

22. If a son strikes
his father, they shall
cut off
his hand.

23. If a man be in debt and is unable to pay his creditors, he shall sell his wife, son, or daughter, or bind them over to service. For three years they shall work in the houses of their purchaser or master; in the fourth year they shall be given their freedom.

24. If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser.

25. If a builder builds a house for a man
and does not make its construction
sound, and the house which he has built collapses and causes the death of the owner of the house, the builder shall be put to death.

26. These are the most well known of the laws
(#196) If a man has destroyed
the eye of a man of the 'gentleman' class, they shall destroy his eye.
(#200) If he has knocked out the teeth of his equal, then his own teeth will be knocked out
(“a tooth for a tooth”)
( an “eye for an eye”)

27. (ancient unit of weight of about 18 ounces) of silver.
But, the punishments were not the same for everybody
If he (gentleman) has destroyed the eye of a commoner or broken a bone of a commoner,
he shall pay one Mina
(ancient unit of weight of about
18 ounces) of silver.
If he(gentleman) has destroyed
the eye of a gentleman's slave,
or broken a bone of a
gentleman's slave, he shall
pay half (the slave's) price.

28. If a gentleman's slave strikes the cheek of a man of the 'gentleman' class, they shall cut off (the slave's) ear.
If anyone commits a robbery and is caught, he shall
be put to death

29. http://www. bing. com/videos/search

30. Look out Make way for THE MIGHTY MIGHTY ASSYRIANS
Look out
Make way for
THE MIGHTY MIGHTY
ASSYRIANS

31. _____________________
Location?
NORTH OF BABYLON
Capital city:
Nineveh
Famous king???
King Ashurbanipal
_____________________
They became extremely good at siege warfare, a military blockade of a
city to force it to surrender
Their greatest achievements
were with their new weapons and war strategies
They perfected the use of horses and iron weapons in battle
******The Assyrians also
developed two new inventions
Battering ram
Movable towers
Assyria
ASSYRIAN EMPIRE

33. Battering rams

34. The Assyrians were ruthless warriors
Creating fear among their enemies was part of their military strategy.
One such tale was that after
cutting off the heads of enemy
leaders, they forced defeated
soldiers to march barefoot wearing
their leaders’ heads around their necks!!!

35. fighting in battle, enjoying family life
*****BAS-RELIEF
2 dimensional sculpture in which the image projects out from a flat surface
Showed kings hunting,
fighting in battle, enjoying
family life

37. ********** The Assyrians dug canals to irrigate land and built some of the earliest AQUEDUCTS which is a PIPE OR CHANNEL that brings water from distant places

38. Beautiful palaces built for Assyrian kings who were believed to be special beings.

40. years Stretched from EGYPT to the PERSIAN GULF
Empire lasted about
300
years
Stretched from
EGYPT
to the PERSIAN
GULF
In the end, this vast territory proved too big to control …..
SOUND FAMILIAR?????
The army was stretched too thin and the Assyrians could not fight off neighbors who rose up against them

41. Establish new empire>> Neo-Babylonian Empire
6.8
The Neo (new) -Babylonian Empire
(Capital city of Assyria)
*****Ninevah and the Assyrians fall, and the Babylonians regain control of Mesopotamia
Establish new empire>> Neo-Babylonian Empire
Ruling period?
605 to 562 B.C.E
Most famous king?
NEBUCHADREZZAR II
Expanded his empire by:
Driving the Egyptians out of Syria
Conquering a part of Canaan (present day Israel)

42. outer wall around the city Towers were placed on the walls for archers
How did Nebuchadrezzar keep his capital city BABYLON safe?
He built an inner and
outer wall around the city
Towers were placed
on the walls for archers
to stand on
A moat was dug
around the
outer wall and filled with water

43. The Ishtar Gate
When visitors came upon the "Ishtar Gate", they would be in awe. In addition to the "Ishtar Gate", Nebuchadnezzar built a majestic palace for himself. Travelers marveled at the walls decorated with colorful friezes of blue and yellow enameled bricks. Nebuchadnezzar paved the street sidewalks with small red stone slabs. Along the edge of each stone were carved, "I am Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, who made this," demonstrating Nebuchadnezzar's absolute power and influence over Babylon .
One of the gates into Babylon. Each gate was dedicated to a Babylonian god or goddess.
Ishtar was the goddess of war and love

44. “Hanging Gardens of Babylon” One of the great wonders of
6.9
Life in the Neo-Babylonian Empire
Nebuchadrezzar re-built the city of Babylon.
Decorated his palace with FABULOUS GARDENS
“Hanging Gardens of
Babylon”
One of the great wonders of
the ancient world!!!!!
Kept lush and green by an elaborate irrigation system

47. Only surviving wonder

48. She longed for the meadows and mountains of her homeland unlike Babylon which was hot and dusty. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon awed and astounded many travelers and historians in ancient times.
Nebuchadnezzar, the builder of the gardens, was the most important ruler of his dynasty.
Nebuchadnezzar II ordered this wonder to be built during his reign of 43 years between the years of BC. He built it to please his homesick wife, Queen Semiramis, who was from Media. (western Iran)
                                                                                                                  

49. Babylonians also skilled in mathematics and astronomy
Created the 1st sundial
60-minute hour and 7-day week
Empire only lasted 75 years—conquered by the Persians