1. Muslim lands fall to imperialist demands
Chapter 11, Section 3
Muslim lands fall to imperialist demands

2. Geopolitics
A foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands.
Plays important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire

3. Geopolitics
Ottomans controlled access to the Mediterranean and the Atlantic sea trade.
Discovery of oil in Persia and the Arabian Peninsula around 1900 focused even more attention on the area.

5. Crimean War 1853, war between Russia and the Ottomans
Russia trying to gain land on the Black Sea
Britian and France joined Ottomans in hopes of blocking Russians
Russia defeated
Side note
1st war in which women, lead by Florence Nightingale established their position as army nurses.
1st war to be covered by newspaper correspondents.

6. Egypt tries reform
Egypt’s location at the head of the Red Sea was valuable to France & Britain
Shifted agriculture to plantation cash crop- cotton
Greatly effected peasants
Had to replace food crops with cotton
Construction of the Suez Canal (1869)
Connected Red Sea to the Mediterranean
Could not pay European bankers $450M debt
British occupy Egypt in 1882