1. COMPLEX SENTENCES AND Fragments
Sentence Structure
COMPLEX SENTENCES AND Fragments

2. Clauses 1. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE 2. DEPENDENT CLAUSE
There are two types of clauses.
1. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
2. DEPENDENT CLAUSE
An independent clause must have three things:
Subject
Verb
Complete thought
A dependent clause has:
It does not include a COMPLETE thought. Therefore, it cannot stand on its own; it must be joined to an independent clause.

3. Dependent Clauses DEPENDENT CLAUSES
Dependent Clauses start with a Subordinating Conjunction. They may also start with a relative pronoun: whoever, whom, what, which, whose.
When Cynthia gets here.
While we wait
After Martin bakes some cookies
Whoever left the door open.
When left on their own, dependent clauses are FRAGMENTS. They do not form a complete thought.

4. Subordinating conjunction
Subordinating Conjunctions: linking words that introduce a dependent clause. Here are some of examples of common Subordinating Conjunctions that signal the start of a DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
After
Since
Which, whichever
Although
So that
While
As, as if
That
Who, whose
As long as
Though
As soon as
Unless
Because
Until
Before
What, whatever
Even if, even though
When, whenever
Where, wherever If
Whether

5. Dependent Clauses
To form a complete sentence, a dependent clause must be attached to an independent clause. This forms a COMPLEX SENTENCE.
Consider the following clauses:
Dependent Clause/Fragment
I was late for school today. Because there was an accident on the 401.
Subordinating Conjunction
COMPLEX SENTENCE
I was late for school today because there was an accident on the 401.

6. COMPLEX SENTENCES
Complex Sentences can be formed by putting the clauses in any order: dependent clause + independent clause Because I have an allergy, I always have an epi pen with me. independent clause + dependent clause I always have an epi pen with me because I have an allergy. NOTE: If the dependent clause comes first, it must be followed by a comma.

7. Complex sentences
1) As the new season of The Walking Dead starts in the next couple months +
I will be busy very soon.
2) After the that great Katy Perry concert
I was very happy to have a snow day

8. How can we make these sentences complete?
1) Although the marriage ceremony started late. 2) Until I hear from the hiring committee. 3) As soon as Melissa arrives in Halifax 4) If your form has been completed correctly. 5) While we wait. 6) Although weak and exhausted, he managed to crawl to the fridge. 7) Where you left your keys. 8) Before the phone rings again. 9) Because he wants to learn French, he dates only Francophones. 10) Since he made that big mistake in 1993.

9. Review: TYPES OF SENTENCES
SIMPLE SENTENCES
One independent clause. A subject and a verb that form one complete idea.
I am going to review my notes everyday.
COMPLEX SENTENCES
One independent clause + (at least one) dependent clause. They can come in any order; however, if the dependent clause comes first, a comma must follow.
Even though many students aren’t studying, I am going to review my notes every day.
COMPOUND SENTENCES
Two or more independent clauses, or two or more complete sentences, that are joined for flow and clarity. They are joined with a comma AND a fanboys or a semicolon only.
Many students aren’t studying, but I am going to review my notes everyday.

10. Review: TYPES OF SENTENCES
Remember: You can create even more complex sentences once you learn the basics!

11. Since we have learned about forming sentences, I have been able to write longer, more complex sentences that allow me to engage with more complex ideas, and I really think that this will help me to write at a more advanced level, but I do worry that I will still some mistakes along the way!

12. Fun Stuff!