1. World Organisation for Animal Health
Organisation mondiale de la santé animale
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2. An intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924 by 28 countries
OIE
An intergovernmental organisation founded in 1924 by 28 countries
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3. 168 Member Countries (January 2007)
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In May 2004, the OIE totaled 167 Member Countries.
En mai 2004, l’OIE comptait 167 Pays Membres.
Americas: 29 – Africa: 51 – Europe: 49 – Middle East: 13 – Asia: 26

4. The OIE’s objectives
to ensure transparency in the global animal disease and zoonosis situation
to collect, analyze and disseminate scientific veterinary information
to provide expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases
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Objective 1 : To ensure transparency in the global animal disease situation
“Each Member Country undertakes to report the animal diseases that it detects on its territory. The OIE then disseminates the information to other countries, which can take the necessary preventive action. This information also includes diseases transmissible to humans and intentional introduction of pathogens. Information is sent out immediately or periodically depending on the seriousness of the disease. This objective applies to disease occurrences both naturally occurring and deliberately caused. Dissemination is via the OIE Web site, and the following periodicals: Disease Information, published weekly and the annual compilation World Animal Health.”
Objectif 1 : Garantir la transparence de la situation des maladies animales et des zoonoses dans le monde
« Chaque Pays Membre s'engage à déclarer les maladies animales qu'il détecte sur son territoire. L'OIE diffuse alors l'information à tous les autres pays afin qu'ils puissent se protéger. Cette information concerne également les maladies transmissibles à l'homme. Elle est diffusée en urgence ou de façon différée selon la gravité de la maladie. Ces objectifs de surveillance et de suivi s'appliquent à la fois aux événements sanitaires naturels ou intentionnels. Les supports de diffusion sont le site Web de l'OIE, le courrier électronique et les périodiques suivants : Informations sanitaires, publiées chaque semaine, et le recueil annuel Santé animale mondiale. »

5. The OIE’s objectives (cont.)
to improve the legal framework and resources of national Veterinary Services
within its WTO mandate, to safeguard world trade by publishing health standards for international trade in animals and animal products
to provide a better guarantee of the safety of food of animal origin, and to promote animal welfare, through a science-based approach
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Objective 3 : To provide expertise and encourage international solidarity in the control of animal diseases
“The OIE provides technical support to Member Countries requesting assistance with animal disease control and eradication operations, including diseases transmissible to humans. The OIE notably offers expertise to the poorest countries to help them control animal diseases that cause livestock losses, present a risk to public health and threaten other Member Countries.
The OIE has a permanent contact to international regional and national financial organizations in order to convince them to invest more and better on the control of animal diseases and zoonosis.”
Objectif 3 : Apporter son expertise et stimuler la solidarité internationale pour contrôler les maladies animales
« L'OIE appuie techniquement les Pays Membres qui le souhaitent pour soutenir des opérations de contrôle et d'éradication des maladies animales, y compris celles transmissibles à l'homme. L'OIE propose notamment son expertise aux pays les plus pauvres pour les aider à contrôler les maladies animales qui provoquent des pertes dans leur cheptel, peuvent mettre en danger la santé publique et menacent les autres Pays Membres.
L'OIE maintient un contact permanent, au niveau régional et national, avec les organismes financiers internationaux afin de les convaincre d'investir plus et mieux dans le contrôle des maladies animales et des zoonoses. »

6. The OIE Early Warning System
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7. The OIE Global Information System (WAHIS)
WAHID
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8. OIE's WTO mandate (cont.)
Standards-setting organizations
food safety
CODEX
plant health
IPPC
animal health
OIE
Codex = Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission
OIE = World Organization for Animal Health
IPPC = International Plant Protection Convention (FAO)

9. OIE International Standards
available on the
OIE Website
Terrestrial Animal Health Code – mammals, birds and bees
Aquatic Animal Health Code – fish, molluscs and crustaceans
Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals
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Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals

10. Reference Laboratories Collaborating Centres
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11. 181 in 30 countries covering 101 diseases and topics
157 experts
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12. Emerging diseases Globalisation Global warming
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13. 75% of emerging diseases are zoonoses.
Almost all the new human diseases come from an animal reservoir
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14. Manuel requirements for vaccines Examples:
Vaccination
Code guidelines
Manuel requirements for vaccines
Examples:
►Foot and Mouth Disease
► Classical Swine Fever
► Avian Influenza
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15. Use of Marker vaccines
Distinguish the protective immune response from the immune response induced by contamination
Example CSF : field virus
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16. Example on Avian Influenza
Use of Vaccination:
Example on Avian Influenza
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17. Strategy from Beginning: To Minimize Threat at Animal Source
Early warning and early detection
Rapid and transparent notification
Rapid confirmation of suspects
Rapid response
containment, management of poultry movements and humane stamping out
use of vaccination when available and if appropriate
Improvement of governance and legislation in compliance with OIE international standards
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18. Main constraints to HPAI control
Weakness of national veterinary services
Often no appropriate legislation in place
Disincentives for reporting disease
Limited ability to control poultry movements and to increase biosecurity
Difficulty of implementing stamping out and vaccination
Insufficient laboratory diagnostic capacity and capability
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19. Important Lessons learned
Control programs involving all stakeholders have had most success in controlling the virus
Vaccination can limit spread but used alone it will never eliminate avian influenza viruses
Compensation is crucial to encourage transparency
Good Governance including legislation and efficient VS are essential
Support through evaluations and gap analysis, using PVS instrument, is crucial to design priority actions and investments
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20. Important Lessons learned
Early detection and rapid adequate response has prevented spread and persistence of disease in some countries
Delayed detection and response, and too much decentralization has led to persistence of the virus in other countries
Some developing and in transition countries are at the limit of their abilities to eradicate the disease
Improvement of governance, including strong national chain of command is essential
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21. Development of Guidelines on the implementation of AI Vaccination
To guide countries in their decisions whether to implement vaccination programs or not
To establish detailed guidelines and a decision tree for the application, monitoring, precautionary measures of vaccination strategies
Guidelines distributed during the Vienna Conference
World Conference on AI Vaccination in March 2007 (Verona, Italy 2007)
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22. Vaccination Guidelines: Country situation
Epidemiological situation
Poultry production systems
Logistical factors (vet services, cold chain)
Diagnostic capacity
Compensation mechanism
Objective of the campaign (emergency, preventive, routine)
Strategy (mass, targeted, ring)
Monitoring
Financial Resources
Production capacity
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23. Conclusion
Vaccination is a very important tool for manage animal health. However, above all it is necessary to ensure good animal health governance
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24. World organisation for animal health
Organisation mondiale de la santé animale
12 rue de prony
75017 Paris, France
Tel: 33 (0) – Fax: 33 (0)
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