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Worker Conditions and the Rise of Unions in America

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1 Worker Conditions and the Rise of Unions in America

2 Employment at the turn of the Century
Conditions in the workplace Safety in the workplace

3 Rise of the Labor Unions
Union: organization of individuals with a similar background or interests that join together for the benefit of the whole group

4 Unions Methods of Gaining Rights
Collective Bargaining Strikes Collective Bargaining: Workers negotiate as a group with the employers giving them more power with the employers then working as individuals.

5 Businesses Response to Unions
Scabs Lock-outs Yellow Dog: Contract new employees were forced to sign agreeing never to join a union or participate in a strike. Scabs: Replacement workers brought in to take the jobs of striking workers. Lock-outs: Employers response to contract negotiations where employees are locked out of company and therefore unable to work and gain money. Pinkertons: Use of detectives to wrong among the employees to find out the actions of the unions and demands of the employees.

6 Order of the Knights of Labor
Philadelphia in 1869 Terence V. Powderly Opened ranks to all American “producers,” both skilled and unskilled

7 American Federation of Labor
Leadership of Samuel Gompers: 1886 Federation of skilled workers

8 Homestead Strike: 1892 Carnegie steel plant in Pennsylvania
8,000 troops end violence by governor

9 Pullman Strike: 1894 George Pullman, owner of railroad sleeping-car company ARU led by Eugene V. Debs More than 120,000 railway workers join in Railroad industry argued that the mail had to get through and therefore, strikes could not be used to block this necessity.

10 Government Legislation
Government had long stayed out of business practices Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 Interstate Commerce Act: required that rates of railway had to be set in proportion to the distance traveled and that rate schedules be made public. Also outlawed the practice of giving rebates and favors to powerful customers. Established the Interstate Commerce Commission to enforce the act. Sherman Anti-Trust Act: Aimed to combat restraint of trade or commerce caused by trusts. Proved ineffective for nearly 15 years because it was not enforced and when it was, often times it targeted union activity. Eventually, with progressive politics, more control is put on industries and businesses.

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