1. ‘Around the Clock’ recap!
The ‘Beast from the East’ has meant that a lot of the society and economy key question has been self-taught. This activity will allow myself to see how much of the content you understand.
TASK
See how much detail you know about each of the following sub-topics.
Be quick through, you only have 2 minutes per box!
Words are in the back of the Tudor textbook (Ferriby)

2. Northern Rebellion (1569-70)
The Northern Rebellion was the only significant rebellion against Elizabeth. It took place mainly in Durham and North Yorkshire in November-December A second rising was attempted in Cumberland in February Both attempts were a failure.
Causes
Political:
The Duke of Norfolk- believed he had been wrongly denied high office that his title and standing demanded.
The Rebellion was a Courtly Conspiracy to sort out the succession issue and reassert the power of key Nobility. Norfolk would free Mary Q of S, marry her, raise an army in the North and retake Scotland. Norfolk and Mary would rule Scotland and then they or the children would also then rule England when Elizabeth died.
Local Factors
Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland- had been displaced from their traditional role of controlling northern Government. Northumberland also had other grievances including loss of mineral rights. Feudal loyalties encouraged many to join the Rebellion
Religious:
Norfolk, Northumberland and especially Wesmorland resented the Protestant reforms. The rebels carried Five Wound Banners notably into Durham cathedral (November 1569) highlighting support for Catholicism and echoing the Pilgrimage of Grace. Lower orders were largely Religiously motivated
Words are in the back of the Tudor textbook (Ferriby)

3. Northern Rebellion (1569-70)
The Northern Rebellion was the only significant rebellion against Elizabeth. It took place mainly in Durham and North Yorkshire in November-December A second rising was attempted in Cumberland in February Both attempts were a failure.
Key Details
9th November- Rebellion begins- March to Durham
14th November rebels heard Mass in the cathedral- Rebels then Marched on York. But camped outside the city and did not try to capture it.
Mary Q of S was moved South away from the rebels
14th December Captured Barnard Castle in county of Durham following a siege.
Royal Army heads North (Lead by Leicester)- the Earls disbanded their and fled into Scotland.
January Northumberland’s cousin re-started the rebellion in Cumberland. They were heavily defeated at Naworth east of Carlisle.
Reasons for Failure:
Norfolk backed out at the last minute. Foreign support never came, the whole rebellion was badly organised, decisive action from Elizabeth and her government.
Consequences
Reinforced Crown’s control of the North (1572 Council of the North under the control of the Earl of Huntingdon), growing suspicion of Mary Q of Scots, anti-Catholic laws. Increasingly side lined Norfolk get involved in the Ridolfi plot. Links to Excommunication of 1570
Words are in the back of the Tudor textbook (Ferriby)

4. -Overview of the rebellion-
Essex Rebellion
-Overview of the rebellion-
Causes
Essex:
Failed campaign in Ireland and disgrace on return having burst into the Queens bedchamber.
Paranoia about the power of Robert Cecil
Desperate personal financial situation- £16,000 debt and loss of Sweet Wine Monopolies.
Inflated view of his own ability and popularity.
Key Details
About 8th February 1600, 300 of Essex’s gathered at Essex House.
4 Privy Councillors came to tell Essex to dismiss his men, he took them hostage.
Essex tried to raise London to support him- he failed.
His men clashed with those of the Bishop of London and were forced back to Essex House.
Essex House was surrounded with men and cannon. He surrendered
Consequences
Essex and 5 supporters were executed.
Cecil and his supporters had full control of government
Symptom of continuing doubts over succession and some discontent again Elizabeth’s government. Suggests that Elizabeth’s final years were somewhat tarnished.
Words are in the back of the Tudor textbook (Ferriby)

5. The Regions and Local Government
(‘Local Government Homework’ in Elizabeth and Society folder)
Words are in the back of the Tudor textbook (Ferriby)

6. Causes of poverty Attitudes Government policy
Rise in population = huge pressure of resources = jobs become hard to come by = wage stay the same = prices rise (demand rises) = inflation
Spanish exploration of the new world = more silver in circulation = reduced value of currency
Henry VIII had been debasing coins
Collapse of the cloth market in the 1550s
Elizabeth encouraged monopolies
There were several disastrous harvest (most Elizabethan’s lived in rural areas)
Changes in agriculture (enclosure)
Monasteries had been dissolved
Poor could be put into groups
‘Impotent’ or deserving poor. They could not provide for themselves, and were not to blame.
‘Idle’ or undeserving poor. They were a threat to social order. They were seen as dishonest, and a criminal class. They were fit but too lazy to find work and were happy to live of begging and petty crime.
Elizabeth and her government were reluctant to accept poverty as a national problem.
Early reign (indirect) – full recoinage (planned by Mary).
1563 Statute of Artificers – placed wage limits on skilled workers
Act of Husbandry and Tillage in 1598 aimed to slow down enclosure
Town Councils (Norwich) brought in experimental measures. Alms were collected for the poor. Censuses were carried out. Workhouses were set up to provide work for unemployed.
Measures in (1563/72/76) but ineffective
1597 Act for the Relief of the Poor. Everyone had to pay towards a poor rate. This tax would pay towards parish officials setting up workhouses and relief for the deserving poor. Led to four ‘Overseers of the Poor’ per parish.
1601 Poor Law recognised categories of people who were unable to find work. Overseers had to provide them with tools and stock.
Begging was forbidden (whipping punishment). Persistent beggars would be hung.
Words are in the back of the Tudor textbook (Ferriby)

7. Trade
Internal Trade:
The value of internal trade exceeded that of foreign trade
The biggest single development was the growth of shipping coal from the Tyne to the Thames.
Netherlands:
Cloth trade with the Netherlands declined
Antwerp Cloth market had declined from the early 1550s
Cecil was anxious to end the dependence on a single market
An alternative trade was developed, based in Emned, Germany
The major move was to Amsterdam – commercial growth here cam at the expense of Antwerp (Spanish control)
Russia:
Attempts to establish new overseas markets with Russia occurred
However, these remained economically marginal
Muscovy Company (1555) incorporated to trade with Russia, but failed to compete with the Dutch.
Guinea/South America:
Centre of African trade
Starting point for Harwkin’s move to the Americas
3xexpeditions (first two financially successful)
These expeditions irritated Spanish authorities
2nd included investment from Dudley, and Elizabeth supplied ships (for a price!)
3rd expeditions attracted royal support but went wrong (blockaded in Mexico)
Baltic
Eastland Company (1579) set up to trade in the Baltic
Limited effect
Ottoman Empire:
There was increased trade with the Ottoman Empire
The Levant Company (1581) enjoyed success in its attempts to trade with the Empire.
Failed in long term to compete with the Dutch.
Asia:
East India Company (1600) set up to trade with Asia, but has less investment that the Dutch East India Company (difficult to compete)

8. Exploration/Colonisation
Richard Hakluyt
A clergyman and geographer who encouraged the process of colonisation in North America. In Discourse of Western Planting’ (1584).
Humphrey Gilbert
Entrepreneur who suggested that England should start colonising North America.
Half-Brother
Connected to
Sir Francis Walsingham
Supported Walter Raleigh.
Walter Raleigh
A Courtier who presented Discourse to the Queen received a patent to colonise Virginia. 2 expeditions took place (disaster).
Supported

9. One consequence was building – e.g. country houses.
Prosperity
Prosperity: Land
Land income rose and landowners acquired a range of material possessions. They had benefitted from HVIII and Edward selling off land at knock-down prices (dissolution).
One consequence was building – e.g. country houses.
At a more modest level society farmers benefitted from rise in agricultural prices.
Prosperity: Trade
Debate on the relationship between trade and depression (lack of hard evidence).
Some historians have argued that trade under Elizabeth was buoyant (shipbuilding).
But there are more pessimistic historians emphasise what was seen as a desperate search for new markets to offset the decline of the cloth trade. Comparing Elizabethan financial institutions against European counter-parts, European ones were most sophisticated!
Prosperity: Urban
Some old established towns declined in Elizabethan England (Winchester).
On the other hand, towns such as York and Norwich improved. New towns such as Manchester also developed.
Those that did well tended to have a broad range of manufacturing or were unincorporated.
London is seen to have had a detrimental effect on some towns, but have benefitted towns such as Newcastle upon Tyne.

10. Depression Not everyone shared in the prosperity of the times.
For many, real wages fell, and this was a particular problem at the time of harvest failures.
9/44 harvests of the reign could be described as poor.
there were 4 consecutive bad harvests, which made live catastrophic for some people.
1596 real wages had collapsed to less than half the level they had been 9 years earlier.
Conditions seemed to be worse in the far North with starvation the outcome…

11. Elizabeth I: Society and Economy
The poor
Local Regions
Rebellion
Economy
Golden Age

12. Elizabeth I: Golden Age
KNOW
What is meant by the term ‘Golden Age’
EXPLAIN
The reasons why Elizabethan England is considered a ‘Golden Age’
EVALUATE
Whether Elizabethan England was a ‘Golden Age’
How did English society and economy change and with what effects?

13. Elizabeth I: Golden Age
The reign of Elizabeth witnessed a considerable flourishing of English Culture. This ‘high’ culture of the well-off transformed, as did popular culture. However, these two culture were not necessarily mutually exclusive e.g. Shakespeare appealed to both!
A Guide
to the
Golden Age
TASK
Using pp and the handout, create a guide to the Golden Age
Front Cover
1-2 = Art 2-3 = Literature
4-5 = Music
Back cover - blank
One page for and one page against. Handout = GCSE book.

16. Elizabeth I: Golden Age
FOR
AGAINST
Art
Paintings
English painting, influenced by Flemish models flourished (artists benefitted from a range of patrons)
Formal portraiture was important (Queen, Earl of Leicester)
Most important aspect of Elizabethan painting was the portrait miniature (Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver)
Architecture
Courtiers and wealthy individuals could afford extravagant new building projects because of monastic land they had acquired
This period saw the emergence of the first named English architect Robert Smythson.
Formal portraiture lacked an artist as skilful as Holbein had been during the reign of HVIII
One page for and one page against.

17. Elizabeth I: Golden Age
FOR
AGAINST
Literature
Plays
Viewing public treated to plays (Shakespeare, Thomas Kyd, Christopher Marlowe)
Increased sophisticated infrastructure for production plays in London (companies of actors operated under the patronage of courtiers – most importantly the Lord Chamberlain’s men – Shakespeare a member).
These companies operated in a competitive market at theatres such as the Globe and Swan = emphasis on dramatists such as Shakespeare to produce new plays on a regular basis.
Prose Literature
Foxes’ ‘Book of Marytrs had a wide readership.
Influential writers were Sir Phillip Sidney (saw himself as a moderniser) and Edmund Spencer.
Prose literature had a narrow readership
One page for and one page against.

18. Elizabeth I: Golden Age
FOR
AGAINST
Music
Church
Elizabeth saved the musical culture of Cathedrals and Oxbridge colleges at the time of her Settlement
Two greatest composers ‘Thomas Tallis’ and William Byrd, wrote extensively for the church of England
Secular
Flourished, especially at court
Development of the madrigal (musical form), most important composers were Thomas Morely and Thomas Weelkes.
1601 Triumph of Oriana (25 madrigals)
Popular
Instrumental music and songs flourished
Many towns had bands ‘waits’ who performed on formal occasions
Broadside ballard songs became popular
One page for and one page against.

19. How far there was an Elizabethan Golden Age?

20. You have until Easter to complete the following on your revision grids
FLIP LEARNING
TASKS:
Reminder
You have until Easter to complete the following on your revision grids
HVII and HVIII
Edward and Mary
Elizabeth (Government, Religion, Society and Economy)
The following tasks are due:

21. Elizabeth Society and Economy
Northern Rebellion
Essex Rebellion
Prosperity and Depression
The Poor
Words are in the back of the Tudor textbook (Ferriby)
Exploration
The regions
Trade
Local Government