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Chemical Reactions Physical Science
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Chemical Reactions When 2 or more elements chemically combine to form a “new” substance
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Chemical Equation Is a representation of a chemical reaction Two Parts
Reactants Products
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The arrow () divides an equation in half
Reactants vs Products C + O2 CO2 The arrow () divides an equation in half Reactants The substance(s) that undergo the change All things on the left side of the “” Ex: C & O2 Products The new substance(s) that form All things on the right side of the “” Ex: CO2
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Id the Reactants and Products
2Cu + O2 2CuO 2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O N2H4 + O2 N2 + 2H2O
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Endothermic vs Exothermic
Reaction absorbs energy from its surrounding Surrounding becomes cooler Exothermic Reaction releases energy to the surrounding Surrounding becomes warmer
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Signs of a Reaction Production of a GAS Formation of a Precipitate
Fizzing, bubbling Formation of a Precipitate Insoluble solid Energy is released EX: Light, heat Color Change
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Counting Atoms Number in front is called a coefficient
Coefficients are multiplied to all elements behind it Subscripts go to what they follow
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Counting Atoms Practice
Mg(OH)2 3Ca(NO3)2 NH4OH
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End of Day One
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How Do I Balance an Equation?
ID the elements present Count the amount of atoms on both sides of the “” for each element Place coefficients in front of compounds and multiply to any subscript Recount the atoms on both sides of the “” to see if they are equal. If not equal, adjust the coefficients LEFT has to equal RIGHT
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____Cu + ____O2 ____CuO
Balancing Practice #1 ____Cu + ____O2 ____CuO
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____N2H4 + ____O2 ____N2 + ____H2O
Balancing Practice #2 ____N2H4 + ____O2 ____N2 + ____H2O
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____KClO3 ____KCl + ____O2
Balancing Practice #3 ____KClO3 ____KCl + ____O2
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Choose the Balanced Equation
KClO2 KCl + 2O2 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3 N2 + 3H2 2NH3 H2 + O2 H2O 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2
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Why Balance? The Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter is neither created nor destroyed Start = Finish
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End of Day Two
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Types of Reactions 4 Main Types 2 Special Types Synthesis
Decomposition Single Replacement Double Replacement 2 Special Types Combustion Reaction Neutralization Reaction
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Synthesis Reaction A + B AB
When 2 or more substances react to form a single substance 21 Dating: Becoming a Couple
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Decomposition Reaction AB A + B
When a compound breaks down into two or more substances 12 Dating: Breaking Up
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Single Replacement Reaction A + BC B + AC
A reaction in which one element trades places with another element in a compound Element and Compound Dating: CHEATING
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Double Replacement Reaction AB + CD AD + BD
Where two different compounds exchange positive ions (cations) to form two new compounds All compounds (4 of them) Dating: Swingers
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Type Of Reaction Practice
Na3PO4 + 3KOH 3NaOH + K3PO4 P4 + 3O2 2P2O3 Pb + FeSO4 PbSO4 + Fe CaCO3 CaO + CO2
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Special Reaction: Combustion Reaction
When a hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon together) reacts with Oxygen Products are always CO2 & H2O Ex: CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + H2O
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End of Unit!
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