1. Announcements Previous exam recall – the Assyrian question – by today Exam Wednesday You may start as early as 8:45 and/or stay later if necessary The essay question will address the Sabbath

2. Ritual Torah: Sabbath, Festivals, Vows

3. Review Questions What are the categories of Torah? What were the key symbols involved in Israels worship activities? What did they teach?

4. Sabbath Observance The Sabbath principle Rest every seventh period Affected both humans and the land Set Gods people apart Categories of Sabbath observance Every seventh day (the sign of the covenant) – based on… Gods rest after creation Gods mighty redemptive act The death penalty applied if Sabbath was desecrated Every seventh year – note environmental and social implications The Jubilee – return to family property, rest for the land, slaves set free (paradigm of redemption from Egypt) – a reminder of Gods ownership

5. What did Jesus have to say about the Sabbath? (Mark 2:23-3:6; see also Matt 12:1-14) Keep in mind the concern of the Pharisees of Jesus day The Sabbath was made for humankind, not humans for the Sabbath The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath It is lawful to do good on the Sabbath

6. Is Sabbath observance binding for New Testament believers? Some reflections It is one of the Ten Commandments and the penalty for infraction was death It was the sign of the Sinai covenant One of the bases for its establishment lies in creation itself The other lies in redemption and with the Sabbath we look forward to our ultimate rest and redemption (cf. Hebrews 4) Suggestion: The principle of rest and keeping holy one day in seven is binding; the specific practices are not rigid. Note Colossians 2:16.

7. Purposes of Festival Observance Worship – sacrifices were central – they were not to come empty-handed Reminder of Gods nature and activities on behalf of His people (educational tools) Demonstration of obedience (commanded to appear before the Lord – Exodus 23:14- 17)

8. The Three Major Festivals (Ex 23, Dt16; also Lev 23 and Num 28,29) Passover and Unleavened Bread Provision of second Passover – Numbers 9 Weeks (also called Harvest and later Pentecost) Tabernacles (also called Ingathering)

9. Two Additional Major Festivals [see Leviticus 23 and Numbers 28-29] Trumpets Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16) atonements for high priest, sanctuary, people transgressions implies deliberate rebellion Two goats – one for the LORD was slaughtered; one for Azazel was sent to the wilderness Possible connection with John 1:29

10. Other Ritual Observances Vows: Nazirite vow (Numbers 6) – purpose, conditions, symbol, interruption, conclusion Nature of vows in general Tithes (Deut 14:22-29) Dedication and Redemption (Lev 27:1-29) Water of purification (Numbers 19) – provision for purification from contact with death