1. Europeans Establish Colonies
How and why did Europeans establish colonies in the Americas?

2. Title
Class Discussion: What was North America like before the “discovery” of America by Columbus in 1492?

3. Cherokee farming village
Before the arrival of Europeans, North America was dominated by diverse Indian groups
In the East, Indians like the Iroquois, Powhatans, & Cherokee were settled into farming villages
Cherokee farming village
Iroquois farmers

4. The “jump-kill” technique drove buffalo off cliffs
Before the arrival of Europeans, North America was dominated by diverse Indian groups
In the central plains, Indians like the Sioux & Cheyenne hunted buffalo using mass-hunting techniques
The “jump-kill” technique drove buffalo off cliffs

5. The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan
Before the arrival of Europeans, North America was dominated by diverse Indian groups
In central America, the Aztecs formed a powerful empire & dominated surrounding Indians
The Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan

6. During the Renaissance period in Europe came the Age of Exploration
European explorers found new trade routes & formed overseas colonies
Christopher Columbus’ “discovery” of America in 1492 transformed the future of American Indians & Europeans

7. Proprietary vs. royal colony

8. What is driving these nations to expand their empires into the Americas? What do they want?

9. Mercantilism MONEY IS POWER!!!!
An economic policy meaning a nation or empire could build wealth and power by developing its industries and exporting manufactured goods in exchange for gold and silver

10. Three great explorers are setting out across the Atlantic
Three great explorers are setting out across the Atlantic. Read their mission statements and decide with whom you will get in the boat. Remember… the idea is to sail with the man that will get you the most bullion!

11. Pip Pip!
Are you tired of the shortage of land? Have you been in debt and King James is threatening you with prison? Join me in my search for a land where every man shall haveth a golden chamber pot and every child shall have a cape of rubies. Your pantaloons shall overflowith with gold. God himself hath chosen this place for man’s habitation.
Cheerio!
John Smith

12. Úname!
Are you feeling old, tired, weary… maybe even down trodden. Join me as we search for the fountain of youth. With your rejuvenated spirit, you will have plenty of energy to convert the barbarians beyond the seas. With a healthy lifestyle, we shall also have a healthy pocket book. You will be able to give your children and your children’s children golden fleece diapers.
Adios!
Ponce de Leon

13. Bon jour mon petit chou!
Do you desire glory and your name in bright lights? Join me in my search for the northwest passage. That ship which uncovers the secret shall control the spices of the east.
Viva la France!
Samuel de Champlain

14. Pick a Captain! John Smith Great Britain Ponce de Leon Spain
Samuel de Champlain
France

15. Based on what you found, was this a successful trip?

16. Based on what you found, was this a successful trip?

17. Based on what you found, was this a successful trip?

18. Which resources would most likely be most profitable in the long run?
Why?

19. The Spanish Empire in the Americas: 16th – 17th century
1492…
Conquistadores conquered a lot of territory, not effective at running the colonies
Forced slave labor, Christianity and Spanish ways, killed any in their way
Racial hierarchy, intermarrying with natives, disease plagues natives
Pueblo Indians revolt (1680)and retaliate against Spanish rule and weaken the empire…language and religion remain!
Popé, united Pueblos and their historic enemy the Apaches to fight back!

20. French Settlement in Americas
Northwest Passage: still fought over today!!
French Settlement in Americas
Spain’s wealth and power from the Americas caused other nations to seek their own colonies
Originally looking for a water route to Asia
Northwest Passage
Settle along the St. Lawrence River (Quebec 1608): good for fishing, hunting for furry animals ($$$ expensive back in Europe!) easy to defend from a hill, accessible to merchant ships
Had relationships with natives to help them hunt >>> trade

21. French Settlement in Americas
Less settlers due to harsher conditions
French and Indians mutually benefitted from each other
French settlers in Quebec helped local natives fight their enemy Iroquois
Iroquois retaliate, with help from the Dutch
Headed south on Mississippi River
Claimed Louisiana territory, worked with Indians to confine the British between the coast and river

22. Why did the French originally explore what is now Canada?
Why did they settle in Quebec?
What resources were important to the colonizers?
How did French colonization differ from other colonization?

23. England’s Southern Colonies pg. 44-49

24. PICK A COLONY!
It is1607 – 13 years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts. You are part of a group of investors started by King James I to support and expand the British empire. You are with 105 other passengers on the The Susan Constant, and left 12 weeks ago to head to the New World. You have experienced sickness, hunger, exhaustion, and witnessed the burial of too many at sea. But you have hope…desire…for a new life, in a new place, a place where you will be POWERFUL. Alas! You are now anchored at a very unfamiliar location and a landing party has come back with a map with possible settlement locations. You set off with your group in hopes that your spot is the chosen settlement. Explore the positives (and negatives) of your location and come up with a persuasive pitch to give the other settlers to convince them why your spot, this previously unknown spot is the new location of the 1st successful British colony…and your home.

25. Pick a
colony

26. Learning Question:
How and why do the colonists’ relations with the Powhatan change over time?

27. Mercantilism: economic policy in which a nation tries to get as much gold and silver as possible
Colony
Mother Country

28. Mercantilism… 1. Colony: area settled by immigrants ruled by a mother country… supply raw materials
Foreign Country
Colony

29. Mercantilism…
Colony…
Favorable Balance of Trade: having a larger inflow of gold and silver than outflow
Foreign Country
Mother Country

30. He does all the work, we get all the profits!
Mercantilism…
Colony…
Favorable balance of trade…
Joint Stock Company group of investors who fund the trip and split profits
He does all the work, we get all the profits!

31. Jamestown: 1st successful English colony 1607 (others had failed)
Motives: want to find gold and silver
Virginia Company: JSC that est. Jamestown
Better location, navigable rivers,
Powerful and organized natives in the area…
Wanted to turn “wilderness” into profitable farmland

32. Jamestown Overcomes Hardships: read your assigned paragraph and take a few notes to share with class.
Conflict with Native Americans
pg. 44
War with natives, English capture Pocha, people died, converting natives, peace eventually
Tobacco Crop Saves the Colony pg
Tobacco = $$$, hot climate, other crops failed, John Rolfe pushes for tobacco farming
Free Land Attracts Colonists to VA pg. 46
VA Company offers free land to any settler that can get there, 50 acres, lots of people flood to VA
The House of Burgesses pg
Body of Reps, make laws, do taxes, 1st example of self-govt
Royal crown doesn’t like that, they take over

33. One man was so hungry he killed, salted, and ate his wife!!!
2. Struggles with Settlement
Settle near swamp  disease (malaria, dysentery, typhoid)
Live down stream from Native American tribe)  contaminated water
“starving time” = period of famine
planted wheat and searched for gold… no gold in Virginia, and wheat doesn’t grow!
Only 20% of people survived after 15 years!
Pat-a-waun
One man was so hungry he killed, salted, and ate his wife!!!

34. #wcw #pocahontas #jamestownlovers
History vs
Hollywood

35. Pocahontas was a Virginia Indian notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. Pocahontas was the daughter of Powhatan, the chief of tribal nations in the region of Virginia. In a well-known historical anecdote, she is said to have saved the life of an Indian captive, Englishman John Smith, in 1607 by placing her head upon his own when her father raised his war club to execute him. The general consensus of historians is that this story, as told by Smith, is untrue.
Pocahontas was captured by the English during colonial hostilities in 1613, and held for ransom. During her captivity, she converted to Christianity and took the name Rebecca. When the opportunity arose for her to return to her people, she chose to remain with the English. In April 1614, she married tobacco planter John Rolfe, and in January 1615 had his son.
In 1616, the Rolfes traveled to London. Pocahontas was presented to English society as an example of the "civilized savage" in hopes of stimulating investment in the Jamestown settlement. She became somewhat of a celebrity. In 1617, the Rolfes set sail for Virginia, but Pocahontas died of unknown causes around the age of possibly 22. She was buried in a church in the United Kingdom, but the exact location of her grave is unknown.

36. 3. Economic Development Get a job Get a job
John Smith: captain whose leadership saved colony
“He who does not work will not eat”
Established trade with natives
John Rolfe: father of tobacco
Labor shortage  slave trade
Labor shortage  Indentured servants… work 3-7 years for travel, housing, food, etc
Wealthy colonists acted as land owners = worked harder and more efficiently because they saw land as theirs
***Tobacco crop thrives in hot, humid climate. Massive profits from the crop in other parts of the world PUT VIRGINIA ON THE MAP!
***Tobacco crop thrives in hot, humid climate. Massive profits from the crop in other parts of the world PUT VIRGINIA ON THE MAP!

37. 4. Political Development
Demand for land  war with Indians  increased need for local government
House of Burgesses: 1st legislative body of the American colonies. Vote on elected representatives, made laws/taxes
Male landowners over 17 could vote
The British Crown takes over VA and makes them 1st royal colony…wanted their success ($$$)

38. Who started the Jamestown colony and why was it a good location?
What were problems they had to overcome?
What caused massive population increase to the colony?
What was the House of Burgesses and why was it created?

39. #TBT Jamestown Skeletons!!!
virginia-skeletons/index.html
#TBT Jamestown Skeletons!!!

40. Let’s read about Bacon’s Rebellion

41. Other Southern Colonies pg. 48-49
Maryland
The Carolinas
Georgia