1. Fungi

2. What are Fungi? Characteristics: Eukaryotic
Nonphotosynthetic organisms
Unicellular or multicellular

3. What are Fungi? Obtaining Nutrients
Most important decomposers of organic material
Obtain nutrients by secreting enzymes and absorbing simple organic molecules from the environment

4. Fungi Structure Made up of short filaments called hyphae
Mats of hyphae are called mycelium
Some have partitions called septa in their hyphae
Fungal cell walls contain CHITIN rather than cellulose
Reproduce both sexually and asexually

5. Fungal Structure

6. Reproduction
Asexual: Produce thousands of genetically identical haploid spores, usually on modified cells of the hyphae
Sexual:
Fungi occur in mating types----minus and plus
When two different types come together, their hyphaes fuse together
Produce genetically different spores

7. Fungal Evolution Fungi evolved 460 million years ago
They are thought to have developed from endosymbiotic prokaryotes and then adapted to various environments

8. Classification of Fungi
3 Phylums of Fungi
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Zygomycota

9. Phylum Zygomycota Zygomycota fungi’s hyphae lack septa
Asexual sporangiospores form within sacs called sporangia.
Sexual reproduction results in Zygospores
Type of Fungus: Bread Mold
Example: Black Mold

10. Phylum Zygomycota

11. Phylum Basidiomycota Often called the club fungi
Examples: Bracket fungi, puff balls, and mushrooms
They are spore bearing with above ground sexual reproductive structures called basidiocarps

12. Phylum Basidiomycota

13. Phylum Basidiomycota

14. Phylum Ascomycota Sac Fungi
Hyphae form a cup-shaped ascocarp, in which ascospores form
Reproduce asexually by budding
Yeast is an example of an Ascomycota

15. Sac Fungi Reproduction
In asexual reproduction, tiny spores called CONIDIA are formed at the tips of specialized hyphae called CONIDIOPHORES
If conidium lands in a suitable environment, it grows into a haploid mycelium

16. Sac Fungi Reproduction
In sexual reproduction, two different mating types
Two mating types nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote inside a ASCUS
Zygote divides by meiosis, followed by a cycle of mitosis, and forms eight ASCOSPORES
In favorable environments, ascospores can grow into a haploid mycelium

17. Ascus

18. Deuteromycota Fungi with no sexual stage Group: fungi imperfecto
Example: Penicillin and athletes foot

19. Penicillium mold

20. Mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae are symbiotic structures that form between plant roots and a fungus.

21. Lichens
Lichens represent a symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic organisms, such as cyanobacteria or green algae.