1. Kingdom Fungi Sections 18-2 and 23-2
It is believed that bread-making with yeast began in Egypt. The ancient Egyptians discovered that mixing wheat with ale produced a lighter texture in bread.
What was the fungus in the ale that caused this effect?
(Yeast)
Student activity?
Making bread.
View BioVue on fungi.

3. Ingredients: A Recipe for Mushrooms Substrate (compost): hay
horse droppings (urine,)
corn cobs
poultry droppings
Spawn:
mostly the mycelium of a mushroom

4. Directions: A Recipe for Mushrooms
Prepare the substrate: mix ingredients, sterilize
Combine spawn to substrate, mix
Wait then harvest mushrooms

5. Draw a mushroom Cap Stalk Hyphae: root-like fibers
Mycelium: a group of hyphae
Spores: inside gills

6. Examine a Mushroom
Cap
Stalk
Gills
Ring
Basidia
Spores

8. Cap Stalk Ring? Gills Basidia: inside gills, small
Spores: attached to basidia

9. Nutrition Extracellular digestion
Digestive enzymes are secreted into the substrate, digested food is absorbed into the mycelium.

10. Reproduction
Haploid spores are produced
The life cycle of a mushroom

11. The basidia are located in the gills.
The stipe is the stalk.
Haploid to diploid (n to 2n)
The germinating basidospore produces the the (hyphae?) or mycelium.
In the mycelium by fusion.
Basideospores are produced by meiosis.
Basideospres are dispersed by wind!

12. Beneficial Fungi Yeast Mushrooms Morels Truffles Penicillin- medicine
food

13. Non-beneficial Fungi Rusts Rhizopus Black bread mold Puffballs
Toadballs
Toadstool Ringworm
Tomato blight
Cucumber scab
Athlete's foot

14. Phylum: Zygomycota
Common mold
Black Bread mold
Produce sporangia

15. Phylum: Basideomycota
mushrooms

16. Phylum: Deutromycotes
Imperfect fungi
Ring worm
Athlete's foot
etc.

17. Phylum: Asocomycota
Yeast
truffles
morels
sac fungi

18. Phylum: Imperfect Fungi

21. References
Excellent bisideomycetes life cycle

22. Lichens Green scale-like patches on rock and trees
Symbiotic partnership
fungus (water, minerals)
cyanobacteria (photosynthesis)
soil builders
Survive in harsh environments

23. LICHENS- A primary producer

24. LICHEN
Lichen is a combination of two separate organisms - fungus and cyanobacteria
The fungus provides a structure that may protect the alga from drying and harsh conditions
The algae provides the food supply using photosynthesis

25. Lichens are also dye sources, and is used as a food-coloring agent and to form litmus, the acid-base indicator.
In arctic and alpine regions such lichens as reindeer moss serve as food for caribou, reindeer and other mammals.

26. Answer Key
1.        Lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.
2.        Because both partners benefit this is an example of mutualism.
3.        Fungi can reproduce both __sexuallyandasexually
4.        The members of kingdom fungi are heterotrophic/heterotrophic they use other organisms for food.
5.        The filaments that make up a fungus are called hypha.
6.        Together these filaments are called the mycelium.
7.        If the filament is an unspecialized root it is called a rhizoid.
8.        The different phyla of fungi are separated based on their fruiting body, or spore-producing structure.
9.        In bread mold, a sporangia is a structure that produces spores.
10.     The fungus yeast is an exception, but most other fungi are multicellular, unlike the members of kingdom Protista.
11.     In fungi, internal membranes, for example, a nuclear envelope, are present, making them eukaryotic, unlike the bacteria.
12.     If an organism uses dead organisms as a food supply as many fungi do, it is called a saprophyte.
13.     Athlete’s foot is a fungus that uses a living organism as a food supply. It is a parasite.
14.     The outermost structure of a fungal cell, the cell wall, is different than plants. It contains a polysaccharide called chitin..
15.     Fungi are important decomposers in the environment. Using extra cellular they breakdown dead organisms and release their nutrients into the environment.
16.     After this process the fungi use absorption to obtain these nutrients.
17.     A spore does not contain a double set of chromosomes. It is a haploid cell.
18.     A single spore lands on a piece of bread and produces a sporangium and new spores. This is an example of asexual reproduction

27. Fungus Xerox 18-2 11 heterotropic eukaryotics 1 c 12 chitin 2 d
13 hypha
14 mycellium
15 spore
16 basdeomycota
17 EC
18 EC deuteromycetes
19 sexually and asexually
20 asexual
1 c
2 d
3 a
4 f
5 g
6 e
7 g
8 b
9 e
10 f

28. Fungi Xerox 18-2 (cont.) 21 22 23

29. FUNGI
BOTH
PLANTS

30. Fungi – 23-2 13 Heterotrophs 14 outside 15 Hypha 16 Mycelium
1 b
2 h
3 d.
4 i
5 f
6 b/h
7 g
8 e
9 f E.C.
10 c
11 i E.C.
12 a
13 Heterotrophs
14 outside
15 Hypha
16 Mycelium
17 Perforated
18 Asexually
19 Fruiting Body
20 Deueromycetes