1. BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 REVIEW

2. Competition Predation Cooperation Symbiosis
Name 4 ways organisms in an ecosystem interact with each other
Competition Predation
Cooperation
Symbiosis

3. Another name for autotrophs
All the organisms that live in a place
PLUS their non-living environment
ecosystem
Another name for autotrophs
producers

4. sharing care of offspring, group defense against predators
Give an example of cooperation
Grooming, sharing food,
sharing care of offspring, group defense against predators
group hunting; care for sick/injured

5. The portion of the Earth in which all life exists
biosphere
Make a food chain out of the following:
herbivore omnivore autotroph
autotroph → herbivore → omnivore

6. WHICH ORGANISMS are responsible for removing nitrogen from and returning nitrogen to the atmosphere?
BACTERIA in soil
The process of taking nitrogen from the atmosphere and changing it into a form plants can use is called ______________________
The process of converting soil nitrogen back into atmospheric form is called _______________________
NITROGEN FIXATION
DENITRIFICATION

7. Matter moves through ecosystems in ______________
food chains/webs biogeochemical cycles
biogeochemical cycles
Which of these is a decomposer?
↑ Fungi and SOME bacteria are decomposers

8. Organism that eats both plants and meat omnivore
Process in which water from plant
leaves evaporates into the atmosphere
transpiration

9. Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT involve a stage where the chemical
How does the way matter flows through an ecosystem differ from the way that energy flows?
Energy is passed in one-way direction through
the biotic (living organisms) in an ecosystem.
Matter cycles within and between biotic and
abiotic parts of an ecosystem.
Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT
involve a stage where the chemical
enters the atmosphere?
phosphorus

10. Anything that there is not enough of which keeps the population from
Process in which bacteria convert nitrates
into nitrogen gas and release it into the
atmosphere
denitrification
Anything that there is not enough of
which keeps the population from
growing too big
Limiting factor

11. Which group of organisms is always found in the first trophic level of
Give an example of a decomposer
Bacteria or fungi
(break down organic material and absorb the nutrients)
Which group of organisms is always
found in the first trophic level of
every food chain or web?
Autotrophs or producers

12. Give an example of an ABIOTIC factor
Climate, temperature, precipitation, wind, soil type, water availability, sunlight

13. Food, water, shelter, territory, light
Give an example of a RESOURCE
Food, water, shelter, territory, light
Another name for autotrophs
producers

14. Heterotroph that obtains energy by
Who is it?
Heterotroph that obtains energy by
eating only plants ___________________
Heterotroph that eats both plants and animals _____________________
Heterotroph that breaks down organic
matter (Ex: Fungi & bacteria) __________________
Heterotroph that eats only meat ___________________
HERBIVORE
OMNIVORE
DECOMPOSER
CARNIVORE

15. How is a food web different from a food chain?
Food webs are made up of many food chains
Which of these is an herbivore?
↑ Zebras are herbivores

16. Tell two ways water returns to the atmosphere in the water cycle.
How is a symbiosis DIFFERENT from cooperation?
Cooperation is between organisms of same species;
Symbiosis is between different species of organisms
Tell two ways water returns to the
atmosphere in the water cycle.
Evaporation and transpiration

17. An organism that eats both meat and plants
omnivore

18. Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following EXCEPT:
Photosynthesis respiration transpiration decomposition
TRANSPIRATION moves
water in the water cycle
An organism that eats ONLY plants
herbivore

19. PUT THE FOLLOWING IN ORDER SMALLEST TO BIGGEST
________________  ________________  ________________ 
ORGANISM ECOSYSTEM POPULATION
COMMUNITY BIOSPHERE BIOME
ORGANISM
POPULATION
COMMUNITY
ECOSYSTEM
BIOSPHERE
BIOME

20. The portion of the Earth in which all life exists
biosphere
Organism that captures and eats
another
predator

21. What is the difference between a BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factor?
Biotic factors are living;
Abiotic factors are the non-living
parts of an ecosystem
Which organisms are responsible for
nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle?
Bacteria in soil

22. mutualism Symbiotic relationship in which
both organisms benefit from their close
association
mutualism
An “organism’s job” that includes what it eats,
what eats it, where in the habitat it lives, how it
acts, and when & how it reproduces?
niche

23. In the nitrogen cycle, bacteria living
on the roots of plants turn nitrogen gas
from the atmosphere into _________.
ammonia

24. Energy moves through ecosystems in ________________.
biogeochemical cycles food chains/webs
food chains/webs
Matter moves in biogeochemical cycles

25. Another name for heterotrophs
A group of individuals that belong to the
same species that live together in an area
population
Another name for heterotrophs
consumers

26. Producers make up the first trophic level.
Which of the following is TRUE?
Producers make up the first trophic level.
Food chains are made by linking many food webs.
Energy flows through the ecosystem in one direction from the sun to producers to consumers.
TRUE
FALSE: Food webs are made by linking food chains
TRUE

27. Which of these is a carnivore?
Organisms that are able to take in energy from their environment and make their own carbohydrates are called ___________________________
autotrophs
Which of these is a carnivore?
↑ Lions are carnivores

28. Group of different populations that live together in an area
community
All the living things an ecosystem
that an organism might interact with
Biotic factors

29. This diagram shows a ____________
Which of the organisms above is:
a producer ? ______________
a consumer? _____________
How many trophic levels are shown?
food chain
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
algae
Zooplankton, fish, squid, shark 5

30. Which of the following is TRUE?
Bacteria take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and fix it in a form plants can use.
Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere naturally from respiration and volcanic activity .
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Photosynthesis by plants removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
FALASE: This is TRUE about nitrogen NOT CARBON DIOXIDE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE

31. Name one of the biogeochemical cycles you learned about
Carbon, nitrogen, Water; phosphorus

32. An organism that is captured and eaten by another
Group of organisms so similar that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
species
An organism that is captured and
eaten by another
prey

33. Series of steps in which organisms
transfer energy through an ecosystem
by eating and being eaten
Food chain

34. Phosphate is released as rocks and sediments wear down
Which of the following is TRUE about the PHOSPHORUS CYCLE?
Phosphate is released as rocks and sediments wear down
Plants absorb phosphate from the soil or from water
Phosphorus is abundant in the atmosphere.
Phosphorus is important for building nucleic acids, ATP, and making cell membranes.
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE, phosphorus does NOT cycle through the atomosphere.
TRUE

35. The scientific study of interactions between organisms and between
Symbiotic relationship in which one
organism benefits but the other is
neither harmed nor helped
commensalism
The scientific study of interactions
between organisms and between
organisms and their environment
ecology

36. This diagram is called a _______________ food web
What do you think would happen to the snake
population in this community if all the pine borer
bugs were killed by a virus?
A loss in pine borer bugs would decrease the populations of
salamanders and golden crested kinglets (food for the snake)
Loss of pine borers would eventually cause a decrease in the
snake population too.

37. Any necessity for life such as water, food, light, or space
resource
Relationship in which organisms attempt to use the same resource at the same time and place
competition

38. Look at the food
web shown.
What do you think will happen to the limpet population if all
the mussels are wiped out in an oil spill?
it will increase it will decrease it will stay the same; mussels
don’t connect to limpets in this web
Everything’s connected ! No mussels means crabs will eat more limpets; limpet population will decrease

39. Which of the following is part of the HYDROLOGIC OR WATER CYCLE ?
RUNOFF
TRANSPIRATION
EVAPORATION
DENITRIFICATION
CONDENSATION
NITROGEN FIXATION
PRECIPITATION
YES
YES
YES
NO - part of NITROGEN CYCLE
YES
NO - part of NITROGEN CYCLE
YES

40. Organism such as bacteria or fungi that break down organic matter
decomposers
Each step in a food chain or web
trophic level

41. Tell something living things use nitrogen for.
Making proteins (amino part of amino acids) Making nucleic acids (nitrogen bases)
Part of ATP molecule (nitrogen base)
How is movement of matter in an ecosystem different than the movement of energy?
Energy flows one direction through food chains; matter recycles continuously in biogeochemical cycles

42. Groups of different species that live together in an area make up a
__________________
community
Which of these is an omnivore?
↑ Most humans are omnivores

43. Cycle which includes an underground reservoir in the form of fossil fuels
Carbon cycle
Another name for the water cycle
Hydrologic cycle

44. Another name for a living thing
Process in which green plants use
energy from sunlight to produce
carbohydrates
photosynthesis
Another name for a living thing
organism

45. Tell the group of organisms that all the cycles have in common which keeps matter cycling between living (organic) and nonliving (inorganic) parts of the ecosystem.
decomposers

46. Which of the following is TRUE?
Organisms return nitrogen to the ground as ammonia when they go to the bathroom.
Bacteria in soil change ammonia into nitrates and nitrites
which plants use.
We get our nitrogen by breathing.
Nitrogen returns to the atmosphere when we burn fossil fuels.
TRUE.
TRUE
FALSE: Although the atmosphere is mostly nitrogen , it is in a form we can’t use. We get our nitrogen from the food we eat.
FALSE; Bacteria return nitrogen to the atmosphere through DENITRIFICATION. Burning fossil fuels returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

47. Carbon, Hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen
Which 4 atoms make up over 95% of the body in most organisms?
Carbon, Hydrogen, nitrogen , oxygen
Which of the biogeochemical cycles you
learned about recycles hydrogen and
oxygen?
Hydrologic or water cycle

48. Process in which bacteria in soil convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits by living on or inside another which is harmed
Process in which bacteria in soil
convert nitrogen gas into ammonia
Nitrogen fixation

49. An organism that eats ONLY meat
carnivore
Symbiotic relationship in which one
organism benefits by living on or inside
another which is harmed
parasitism

50. Group of individuals that belong to the same
Which level is it?
Group of individuals that belong to the same
species and live in the same area. ___________________
Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and communities _____________________
Organisms so similar to one another that
they can breed and produce fertile offspring __________________
Populations that live together in an area ____________________
Portion of the planet in which all life exists ___________________
Collection of all the organisms that live in an area together with their physical environment ___________________
POPULATION
BIOME
SPECIES
COMMUNITY
BIOSPHERE
ECOSYSTEM

51. autotrophs or producers
Organisms that can make their own food
using energy from sunlight or chemical
bonds in inorganic compounds
autotrophs or producers
All the non-living things such as
climate, temperature, weather,
soil type, or sunlight in an
ecosystem that impact an organism
Abiotic factors

52. Hydrologic cycle Another name for the water cycle
Cycle in which photosynthesis and
cellular respiration participate
Carbon cycle

53. heterotrophs or consumers
Organism that can’t make its own food and get energy from consuming other organisms
heterotrophs or consumers
Any relationship in which two species
live closely together
symbiosis

54. Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another.
predation
Network of complex interactions
linking all the food chains in an ecosystem
food web

55. Organism that eats only plants
herbivore
Process in which elements, chemical
compounds, and other forms of matter
are passed from part of the biosphere to another
Biogeochemical cycle

56. Organism that eats only meat
carnivore
Process in which liquid water
changes into a gas
evaporation

57. Click here , scroll down, and complete the food web matching activity
Although almost 80% of the atmosphere is made up of
nitrogen gas, most living things don’t have the enzymes
necessary to use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere.
Tell how we get the nitrogen we need to make proteins
and DNA if we can’t get it from breathing.
From food we eat

58. Cycle in which transpiration, evaporation, and condensation play
Process that is part of the carbon cycle
in which sunlight is used to change
atmospheric carbon into biomolecules
used for energy by living things
photosynthesis
Cycle in which transpiration,
evaporation, and condensation play
a role
Water/hydrologic cycle

59. Name a producer in the food web shown
Name a producer in the food web shown
What kind of heterotroph is a leopard seal?
phytoplankton
carnivore

60. Cycle in which volcanic activity and burning fossil fuels plays a role
Carbon cycle
Cycle which is dependent on bacteria
for nitrogen fixation and denitrification
Nitrogen cycle

61. Which type of organism is always on the first trophic level of every food chain
A producer

62. Cycle which is dependent on bacteria
Process in which the break down of sugars in
living things returns carbon to the
atmosphere as CO2 during the carbon cycle
Cellular respiration
Cycle which is dependent on bacteria
for nitrogen fixation and denitrification
Nitrogen cycle

63. Rats, voles, mice, & mallards eat both plants and animals
Name an omnivore in the food web shown
What kind of heterotroph is the snail in this food web?
Rats, voles, mice, & mallards eat both plants and animals
herbivore

64. Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels
Tell 2 human activities by which carbon
can enter the atmosphere as CO2 during the carbon cycle
Cellular respiration, burning fossil fuels
Tell one way carbon leaves the atmosphere
during the carbon cycle.
Photosynthesis
CO2 gas dissolves in water;

65. Tell one way bacteria help with biogeochemical cycles.
Name 2 NON-human activities by which carbon can enter the atmosphere or oceans during the carbon cycle.
Volcanic activity
Decomposition of dead organisms
Deposition as fossil fuels
Erosion
Tell one way bacteria help with
biogeochemical cycles.
Nitrogen fixation & denitrification (nitrogen cycle) Decomposers break down dead organisms (carbon cycle)

66. Add fertilizers; waste treatment plants Die and decompose
Tell something humans do to return nitrogen to the soil for the nitrogen cycle.
Add fertilizers; waste treatment plants
Die and decompose
Name the 4 biogeochemical cycles you
learned about.
Carbon, hydrologic (water); nitrogen; phosphorus