1. Lesson L2 – L5 THE CELL

2. L2 ~ The Cell Theory The cell is the basic unit of life.
All living things are made of one or more cells.
All cells come from other living cells.

3. L4 ~ Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells
Just as animals and plants are made up of organs, animal and plant cells are made up of organelles.
Plant and animal cells have many organelles in common, but also some that are different.

4. L5 ~ Parts of Cells & Their Functions

5. Cell Membrane Appearance - Two thin layers on outside of cell
Job - separates the inside of the cell from its surroundings
Controls what materials can move in and out of the cell.

6. Cytoplasm Appearance – Jelly like substance
Job - surrounds organelles and gives the cell shape
Contains water and other life- supporting material

7. Nucleus Appearance - round and dark, located in the centre of the cell
Job - controls activities in the cell and contains genetic material = Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

8. Mitochondria Appearance - Jelly Bean/Kidney Shaped with folds inside
Job - Powerhouse of the cell! Produces energy through cellular respiration

9. Cellular Respiration
Cells that need a lot of energy (muscle cells) have a larger number of mitochondria present

10. Ribosomes
Appearance - Small bodies, free floating or attached to the ER (see next slide)
Job - make/assemble proteins
proteins help our cells and bodies work and live

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Appearance - folds of a fan or accordion (found around the nucleus)
Job - transport materials through the cell

12. Golgi Body Appearance - smooth flattened sacs
Job - sorts and packs proteins into membrane wrapped pouches called vesicles

13. Vesicle Appearance - Small membrane sacs
Job - carry proteins, nutrients and water in and out of the cell

14. Vacuole Appearance - Large membrane sacs
Job - Temporary Storage compartment for food, water, or waste
Much larger in plants than in animals.

15. Lysosome
Appearance – small circular sac with small dots/granules inside
Job - Recycles old cells, breaks down food particles and cell wastes
Found ONLY in animal cells

16. The Difference Between Plant and Animal Cells
A  One larger,
central vacuole
B  Cell Wall
C  Chloroplasts
D  No lysosomes in plant cells

17. Cell Wall
Appearance - A tough rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and gives a rectangular box-like shape to the cell.
Job - Protects the cell and provides support.

18. Chloroplast Apperance - Small green sacs with stacks of smaller discs
Job - responsible for photosynthesis
This is when plants change light from the sun to chemical energy

19. What kind of Cell is this?
How do you know?

20. What kind of cell is this?
How do you know?

21. L3 ~ Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Scientists have divided cells into two distinct groups:
Prokaryotic cells – the simplest cells, and their organelles are not surrounded by a membrane. Ex. Bacteria
Eukaryotic cells - are more complex, and have organelles surrounded by a membrane.
Ex. Plant and Animal Cells.

22. Bacteria Prokaryotic Cells Smallest and simplest form of life
Both harmful and helpful
Harmful in tuberculosis, strep throat, salmonella
Helpful in your intestines, cheese, yogurt
Found in three different shapes:

23. Viruses Non-living pathogens No organelles Are always disease causing
Do not need energy, never grow
Do have DNA and Reproduce, but only if they get inside a living cell (“host”)
No organelles
Are always disease causing
Can attack both plant and animal cells
Is the cause of diseases like:
HIV, Ebola, Common cold, Stomach flu, chicken pox, etc.