1. Earthquakes
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2. Science Starter The type of plate movement that causes earthquakes?
The type of plate movement that creates new crust (typically in the ocean)?
The type of plate movement that creates mountain ranges?

3. Earthquakes
Caused by a sudden release of energy or stress in the lithosphere
More than 1,000,000 occur a year or one every 30 seconds
Earthquake’s energy waves travel in all directions and continue until the energy is used up

4. Earthquakes

5. Seismic Waves
The energy travels as seismic waves which are vibrations caused by earthquakes.
Seismic waves from even small earthquakes can be recorded by sensitive instruments (Seismograph) around the world.

6. Focus and Epicenter All earthquakes start beneath Earth’s surface.
The focus of an earthquake is the point underground where rocks first begin to move.
Seismic waves travel outward from the earthquake’s focus.
The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus.
Seismic waves

7. Three Types Seismic Waves
primary waves,
secondary waves,
surface waves.
Scientists learn about Earth’s layers by studying the paths and speeds of seismic waves traveling through Earth.
MORE TO COME LATER WHEN WE STUDY WAVES

8. Aftershocks
A smaller earthquake that follows a more powerful earthquake in the same area.
Sometimes structures weakened by an earthquake collapse during shaking caused by aftershocks.

9. Problems from Earthquakes
Loss of life
Damage to buildings
Can cause fires (broken natural-gas lines, electrical power lines, or overturned stoves.)
After problems (water contamination or shortage, food and medical supply shortage, power or roadway systems inoperable, etc.
Tsunamis - earthquakes in the ocean.
Soil Liquefaction Phenomenon

10. Tsunami
A type of wave, can make water rise more than the height of a 20-story building.
triggered by an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide.
Largest ever was in 1958 in Alaska at 1720 ft

11. Liquefaction
a process in which shaking of the ground causes soil to act like a liquid.
the soil becomes like a thick soup.
structures either sink down into the soil or flow away with it.

12. Design a earthquake proof structure

13. Exit Ticket What is not one of the three main geologic events?
a.) earthquakes b.) rivers c.) mountains
d.) volcanoes e.) oceans f.) continents
2.) An earthquake is a
a.) crack in the crust b.) movement of the plates c.) a release of stress in the earth d.) a rare deadly occurrence
3.) The inner core is composed of
a.) solid iron b.) solid iron and nickel c.) liquid iron d.) liquid nickel
4.) The rotation of the earth in combination with the rotating inner core creates a magnetic field. True or False?
5.) The epicenter often has the most damage. True/False?

14. Exit Ticket What is not one of the three main geologic events?
a.) earthquakes c.) mountains d.) volcanoes
2.) An earthquake is a
b.) movement of the plates c.) a release of stress in the earth d.) a rare deadly occurrence
3.) The inner core is composed of
b.) solid iron and nickel
4.) The rotation of the earth in combination with the rotating inner core creates a magnetic field. True
5.) The epicenter often has the most damage. True

15. Natural Disaster Research Project
You are going to research your choice of a natural soil, earth disaster. See project sheet. You will choose your topic and your presentation method. You must have teacher’s initials.

16. Potential Research Topics
Japan Tsunami
Mexico Earthquake
Year without a summer
Pompeii
Philippine Mt. Pinatubo Earthquake
Fuskushima Nuclear Power Plant Meltdown
Indian Ocean Tsunami
Liquefaction
You choose your own!!!!!