1. CHEMICAL BONDING

2. Elements can be combined in different ways:
Physically
Form mixtures
Ex. Air
Chemically
Form compounds
Ex. Water

3. Compounds Elements are combined in definite proportions
Represented by formulas
Show the kind and number of each atom
C6H12O6
6 carbon atoms
12 hydrogen atoms
6 oxygen atoms

4. Atoms form bonds based on their outermost electrons
Valence electrons determine reactivity
2-8-8 rule
Atoms whose valence shells are complete are stable/non-reactive

5. Types of Bonds:
Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen

6. Ionic Bonding Combines metal and non-metal
Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Result in charge atoms called ions
Attraction between + and – keeps bond

7. Ionic Bonding Example: Na + Cl  Na+ Cl- sodium metal chlorine gas
             
 + 
                      
    
            
sodium metal
chlorine gas
table salt

8. One atom gives up an electron, one takes on an electron
Sodium has 1 electron in its valence, chlorine has 7 electrons in its valence
Sodium Chlorine

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11. Covalent Bonds Form between 2 non-metals Electrons are shared