1. Chemistry Jacqueline P. Hancock
Covalent Bonding
Chemistry
Jacqueline P. Hancock

2. Worksheet..Answer Questions (15min) Notes(remainder of class)
EQ1: How can we distinguish molecular compounds from ionic compounds and identify information of a molecular formula
Read Section 8:1
Worksheet..Answer Questions (15min)
Notes(remainder of class)
Assignment-Homework...

5. Heading: Section 2 Pre-Reading
Take a few minutes (20) to re-read Ch. 8 Section 2
Answer these questions on a left page
1. How are single bonds formed and represented?
2. How are double bonds formed and represented?
3. What is a coordinate covalent compound and why is it important to stability?

7. Lewis Structure Practice
CH3I
H2O
Molecule of Fluorine
HBr
NH3
NI3

8. Homework
Page 220 #7 & 8
7. Draw electron dot structures for each molecule
a. chlorine b. bromine c. iodine
8. The following molecules have single covalent bonds. Draw an electron dot structure for each.
a. H2O b. PCl3

10. Coordinate Covalent Compounds
compounds in which an atom gives a pair of unshared electrons to another in a compound to reach an octet
* if central atom does not have an octet, move electrons from outer atoms to form double or triple bonds

11. Examples of Coordinate Covalent, Double, and Triple Bonds
Left page of INB
CO2 N2
C2H2
SO3
ICl2-

12. x

18. Lewis Structure Quiz You will have 15 minutes to complete
5 structures.
No talking during or after the quiz
No cell phones, etc.
Place completed quizzes on table in front of class.

19. EQ 1 HOT Questions & Summary
Write Summary of EQ 1.
Make sure you answered all of your HOT questions
Write Higher Order of Thinking Questions
3 level 1 question
3 level 2 questions
1 level 3 question

20. Essential Question 2
How will you describe the molecular geometry of a molecule.
Cool video: Check out THIS ionic crystal lattice!!
Molecular Geometry-Applies to any Lewis diagram. (Involved in covalent bonding)

21. Molecular Geometry
Use your knowledge of VSEPR to complete the critical thinking exercise.

22. VSEPR Theory Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
Each bonding group or lone pair of electrons spreads out as far as possible from every other bonding group or lone pair of electrons.
Think 3D!

23. Electron Pair vs. Molecular Geometry
Electron pair geometry describes both bonds AND lone pairs located around the central atom.
Molecular geometry describes only the bonds located around the central atom.
Molecular geometry is a subset of electron pair geometry.

24. Practice How many bonding groups are around the central atom?4
How many lone pairs around the central atom?

25. Practice How many bonding groups are around the central atom?3
How many lone pairs are around the central atom? 1

26. Practice How many bonding groups are around the central atom?3
How many lone pairs are around the central atom?

27. Practice How many bonding groups are around the central atom?2
How many lone pairs are around the central atom?

28. Electron Pair Geometry: Overview
The shape of the molecule including both bonds and lone pairs
Linear
2 e- groups from central atom
Trigonal Planar
3 e- groups from center
Tetrahedral
4 e- groups from center
Any of these lobes (electron groups) can be either lone pairs or covalent bonds

29. REMEMBER
ELECTRON PAIR GEOMETRY and MOLECULAR GEOMETRY are not the same thing.
EPG describes all electron groups (including lone pairs)
MG describes only bonding groups

30. 2 Electron Groups Electron pair geometry: Linear
2 bonding groups
0 lone pairs
Molecular geometry: Linear
Example: CO2
Double and triple bonds count as just ONE bonding group!!!

31. 3 Electron Groups Electron pair geometry: Trigonal Planar
3 bonding groups
0 lone pairs
Molecular geometry: Trigonal planar
Example: NO3-
Double and triple bonds count as just ONE bonding group
This Lewis structure also shows the molecular shape (trigonal planar).

32. 3 Electron Groups Electron pair geometry: Trigonal Planar
2 bonding groups
1 lone pair
Molecular geometry: Bent
Example: NO2-
Double and triple bonds count as just ONE bonding group
Lone pair is one of the three electron groups around the central atom

33. 4 Electron Groups Electron pair geometry: Tetrahedral
4 bonding
0 lone pairs
Molecular geometry: Tetrahedral
Example: CH4
This Lewis structure does NOT show the tetrahedral molecular shape. It DOES show the four electron groups.

34. 4 Electron Groups Electron pair geometry: Tetrahedral
3 bonding
1 lone pair
Molecular geometry:Trigonal Pyramidal
Example: NH3
This Lewis structure does NOT show the molecular shape. It DOES show the four electron groups.
Lone pair is one of the four electron groups around the central atom

35. 4 Electron Groups Electron pair geometry: Tetrahedral
2 bonding groups
2 lone pairs
Molecular geometry: Bent/Angular
Example: H2O
This Lewis structure shows both the molecular shape and the four electron groups
Lone pairs are two of the four electron groups around the central atom

36. Molecular Geometry: Overview
The shape of the molecule including just bonds between atoms.
2 e- groups from central atom:
If 2 bonds/0 lone pairs: Linear
3 e- groups from central atom:
3 bonds/0 lone pairs: Trigonal planar
2 bonds/1 lone pair: Bent
4 e- groups from central atom:
4 bonds/0 lone pairs: Tetrahedral
3 bonds/1 lone pair: Trigonal pyramidal
2 bonds/2 lone pairs: Bent

38. Sketches of Molecular Geometry
Sketches (on homework, quizzes, and tests) should show the shape of the molecule in three dimensions:

39. Exceptions to the Octet Rule (SF6, BrF5, XeF4, IF7 ) (Beyond the scope of this class)

40. EQ 2 HOT Questions & Summary
Write Summary of EQ 2.
Make sure you answered all of your HOT questions
Write Higher Order of Thinking Questions
3 level 1 question
3 level 2 questions
1 level 3 question