1. Properties of Matter
Chapter 3-1

2. Matter Matter is anything that:
a) has mass
b) takes up space
Mass = a measure of the amount of “stuff” (or material) the object contains (don’t confuse this with weight, a measure of gravity)
Volume = a measure of the space occupied by the object

3. Matter
Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition is called substance.
Ex: NaCl; H2O

4. Properties are… Words that describe matter (adjectives)
Physical Properties- a property that can be observed and measured without changing the material’s composition.
Examples- color, hardness, m.p., b.p.
Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the composition of the material.
Examples- ability to burn, decompose, ferment, react with, etc.

5. Describing Matter
Physical properties used to describe matter can be classified as:
Extensive – depends on the amount of matter in the sample
- Mass, volume, calories are examples
Intensive – depends on the type of matter, not the amount present
- Hardness, Density, Boiling Point

6. States of matter
Solid- matter that can not flow (definite shape) and has definite volume.
Liquid- definite volume but takes the shape of its container (flows).
Gas- a substance without definite volume or shape and can flow.
Vapor- a substance that is currently a gas, but normally is a liquid or solid at room temperature. (Which is correct: “water gas”, or “water vapor”?)

7. States of Matter Definite Volume? Definite Shape? Solid Liquid Gas
Result of a Temperature Increase?
Definite Volume?
Definite Shape?
Will it Compress?
Small Expans.
Solid
YES
YES NO
Small Expans.
Liquid NO NO
YES
Large Expans.
Gas NO NO
YES

8. Three Main Phases

9. Condense
Freeze
Melt
Evaporate
Solid
Liquid
Gas

10. Copper Phases - Solid

11. Copper Phases - Liquid

12. Copper Phases – Vapor (gas)

13. Physical Changes
Physical change: a change in the physical properties of a substance.
Composition does not change.
May be reversible or irreversible.
Examples:
Reversible
Irreversible

14. Chemical Change
Chemical change: A change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.
Atoms rearrange themselves into new combinations.

15. Burning of Methane CH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

16. Burning of Methane CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

17. Recognizing a Chemical Change
energy exchange
production of a gas
color change
formation of a precipitate

18. Formation of a Precipitate
Cu(OH)2
Precipitate

19. The Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier)
In any chemical or physical change, mass is neither created or destroyed
Mass is CONSTANT
Mass reactants = Mass products

20. Practice Problems
In a flask, 10.3g of aluminum reacted with 100.0g of liquid bromine to form aluminum bromide. After the reaction, no aluminum remained, and 8.5g of bromine remained unreacted. How many grams of bromine reacted? How many grams of compound were formed?
A 10.0g sample of magnesium reacts with oxygen to form 16.6g of magnesium oxide. How many grams of oxygen reacted?