1. The Nationalist Party

2. How China was governed after 1916
Central government of the Republic in Beijing
Very weak
Provincial governors with a military base
Accused of being “warlords”
Foreign concessions
Most of the major cities
Eg Shanghai, Tianjin

10. The Growth of the Nationalist Party
Nationalist Party led by Sun Yatsen in Guangzhou
(国民党 = Guomindang GMD or Kuo-min-tang KMT)
Received advice and money from Russia
→ New way of understanding China’s problems as due to
1)Foreign Imperialism
2)Chinese Warlords
Especially after May 30th Massacre 1925

11. The Northern Expedition
Successful because of
Ideologically committed soldiers
Many people share their ideas
But this is largely a movement among the urban elite

14. Nationalist Party rule
National government established in Nanjing in 1928
Government based on Sun Yatsen’s ideas
Formal structures spread across the country
BUT Nanjing’s real power was very limited

17. The Limits of Nationalist Power
Continued power of warlords
Campaigns against the Communist Party helped Chiang Kaishek expand his military presence in warlord areas
Weak administrative system
BUT people did accept the idea of a modern national government