1. FOCUSING OPTICS
Spherical lenses
Achromatic doublets
Parabolic mirrors

4. Chromatic
Aberration
only
No aberration
Slide 2
Cheap singlets may
be better than
expensive aspherics!
Chromatic and spherical
aberration

5. y = ax2 Parabola: curve at equal distance from a point (F) and line F

6. Parabolic mirror: why do all rays perpendicular to the directrix
converge at the focus F? F
y=2ax A x O x 2 C d D E
…because ACF is isoceles, hence AF=CF
and AE=y+d so OF = d

7. Off-axis parabolic mirror

8. Wave front and energy front
Group delay
Wave front and energy front db
tan g = l db
g = tilt of energy front
= angular dispersion dl dl
Group velocity dispersion
There is also a relation between GVD and angular dispersion

9. Whether considering group delays or group velocity dispersion (GVD),
we will consider sufficiently broad beams, and sufficiently
short propagation distances Lp behind the element, such that
diffraction effects can be neglected. Q
S0, SW
S’0
S’W a P0 PW rW r0 L

10. Q
S0, SW
S’0
S’W a P0 PW rW r0 L

11. The most widely used optical devices for angular dispersion are
prisms and gratings. To determine the dispersion introduced by
them we need to specify not only
a(W),
but also the optical surfaces between which
the path is being calculated.
The ``dispersion'' of an element has only meaning
in the context of a particular application, that will associate
reference surfaces to that element.
Indeed, we have assumed in the previous calculation
that the beam started as a plane wave (plane reference surface normal to the
initial beam) and terminates in a plane normal to the ray at a reference
optical frequency $\omega_\ell$. The choice of that terminal plane is as arbitrary
as that of the reference frequency $\omega_\ell$ (cf. Chapter 1, Section~\ref{Fourier-rep}).
After some propagation distance, the various spectral component of the pulse
will have separated, and a finite size detector will only record a portion of
the pulse spectrum.

12. a h L A B L g C
(R)

13. 2

14. For a collimated beam, a logical reference plane is normal
to the beam
Pairs of prisms
2nd Element
(reversed)
Reference
plane B
Reference
plane A
1st Element

15. O H A q0 q3 q2 B q1 D t2 W t
W+dW q6 q4 q5 B’ q0
= q3 A’
A’’ a u O’ s

17. ceo
Phase delay

18. O H A q0 q3 q2 B q1 D t2 W t
W+dW q6 q4 q5 B’ q0
= q3 A’
A’’ a u O’ s

19. O q3 A q2 B t q4 B’ A’ W
= q3
A’’ t2
W+dW a O’ s

20. dq3 q6 q5
q7 = q0 B’ Q A’
a-q2 R
B’’ T
A’’ S q5 u q4 H’
B’’’
A’’’ a O’

21. W O Lg a X A’ q0 A
W + dW q1
dq1 q1
A’’
O’’’ g

22. Angular
Glass:

23. q3 H q5 q6 q0 O A B’ A’ O’ B D q1
= q3 q4 W a L

24. Paper of Fork WRONG, because
implies that the separation between the prisms L has both a positive and negative effect.
the only optical path considered is L or the path between the two prisms;
the beam displacement after the second prism is not calculated.
is only for the case of tip to tip propagation in the prisms

25. { ceo Phase delay For a pair of prisms we found:
For gratings, the simple rule
applies also

26. 4. Gratings pairs for pulse stretching – what are the adjustable
Parameters?
Wavelength? l Fixed
Groove spacing d? Larger than l
Diffraction angle large (Littrow configuration)
Size of grating: pulse length.
Grating order

27. db’ C P W d C0 P0 G2 b’ G1 b b A

31. Oscillators and Amplifiers

32. Oscillators M2 OC TS M1
To Timing
Logic G P1 S PD FM P2 S EM

35. Stretcher

37. Mode-Matched Stretched Seed TS Relay Imaged Pump Beam TFP PC
s-polarized TS
p-polarized
Relay Imaged
Pump Beam
TFP PC

38. Multipass amplifier Output to compressor Relay-Imaged Nd:YAG Pump TS
Divergence-adjusted seed
from Regenerative Amplifier
Output to
compressor
Relay-Imaged
Nd:YAG Pump TS

39. Compressor
Top View G G M