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the noun
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Proper noun Common noun Concrete Class material abstract collective
The semantic classification of the noun Proper noun Common noun Concrete Class material abstract collective singular plural Personal Geographical
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The classification of nouns
countable uncountable Single This is a boy plural These are many boys. Only single It is hard work. only plural These are my glasses. The classification of nouns
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The countable nouns have two numbers
the single The plural The countable nouns have two numbers
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the plural nouns rules:
Tch, sh, ch, o, x, z, s, ss es y ies f, fe ves the change of the root vowel a e Names of nationalities ending in ese, ss - no change borrowed words from Latin and Greek um-a, a-ae, um-a,ex-ices, ix-ices, is-es, on-a the Conpound forms can change either the first element or the second one the Noun ending –in law is changed the first element If the first element a man or a woman both elements are made in plural The noun can be only in single The noun can be only in plural
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tch, sh, ch, o, x, z, s, ss + es a fox a watch a tomato a bush a dress
a cat a dog the foxes the watches the tomatoes the bushes the dresses the cats the dogs
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f, fe -ves one calf one half one knife one leaf one life one loaf
one self one sheaf сalves halves knives leaves lives loaves selves sheaves
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But remember Cuckoo cuckoos cliff cliffs Piano pianos belief beliefs
Photo photos chief chiefs Solo solos proof proofs Zero zeros roof roofs Portfolio portfolios safe safes Soprano sopranos Ratio ratios Dynamo dynamos
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Y-ies or y -s one baby one penny one boy one key one toy one journey
one day one city one army one lady babies pennies boys keys toys journeys days cities armies ladies
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try to guess a fox - a toy - a photo - a girl - a chief - a dynamo -
a watch - a wife - a dish - a safe - a cuckoo - a baby - a wolf - a tomato - foxes toys photos girls chiefs dynamos watches wives dishes safes cuckoos babies wolves tomatoes
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The change of the root vowel
a man a woman a child a foot a goose a louse a mouse a tooth an ox men women children feet geese lice mice teeth oxen
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Identical forms for the singular and for the plural
a deer a species a means a carp a sheep a series a fish a pike a salmon a trout two deer two species some means Five carp five sheep three series six fish but lots of kind of fishes Two pike four salmon nine trout
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a Japanese a Swiss a Chinese a Burmese many Japanese many Swiss
names of nationalities ending in ese, ss have identical forms for the single and for the plural a Japanese a Swiss a Chinese a Burmese many Japanese many Swiss many Chinese many Burmese
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Try to guess a man a deer a Portuguese a carp a child a goose
a species men two deer many Portuguese many carp many children six geese three species
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Lots of words borrowed forms from Latin and Greek
us i stimulus a ae formula um a memorandum ex ices codex ix ices appendix is es crisis on a phenomenon
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Plural in the last element
Plural in the first element a grown-up a grown-ups a boyfriend boyfriends an office-block office-blocks a forget –me- not forget –me- nots room-mate room-mates overall overalls sit-in sit-ins stand-by stand-bys writing-table writing-tables notary public passer-by man-of-war coat-of-mail commander-in-chief court-martial The plural of compound nouns
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plural - In law The first element man or woman a woman – driver
a father-in law fathers-in law a mother – in law mothers – in law a sister – in law sisters – in law But His- in laws Her-in laws a woman – driver women – drivers a manservant a menservants plural
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Try to guess one cactus one antenna one curriculum one Index
one appendix one basis one phenomenon a grown-up a father-in law his –in law a woman-driver coat-of –mail cacti antennae curricula indices appendices bases phenomena grown-ups fathers-in law his –in laws women-drivers coats-of -mail
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Only in single information advice money news progress furniture work
yeast cream ink linen rubbish leafage weather
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clothes contents sweepings glasses odds Ends greens customs goods
Only in plural clothes contents sweepings glasses odds Ends greens customs goods shorts trousers jeans scissors tights pants scales
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Put the words in plural forms
a toy a carp a dish a girl a boyfriend a box a fish index a watch an ox rubbish a class a pass-by weather a dutch a goose appendix a house a deer cactus a Japanese a man-of war a story a city a roof a father in law a solo a Wife a forget-me-not a chief a photo her-in law a key a tomato a Swiss phenomenon safe a manservant a sheep
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The end
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