1. Genetic Technology

2. SB2f
Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, and agriculture.

3. Genetic technology– Manipulating the genes of organisms

4. WHY might scientists want to change the DNA of organisms?

5. Scientist use DNA Technology to improve organisms or to cure diseases.

6. Three examples of genetic engineering:
Creating transgenic organisms
Cloning
DNA fingerprinting

7. 1. Transgenic organism – contains genes of another organism

8. Ex- Tobacco with firefly gene

9. Bacteria are needed.
Where is the DNA of a bacteria?

10. Two locations: a. Circular chromosome in cytoplasm b
Two locations: a. Circular chromosome in cytoplasm b. Plasmid – small, circular piece of DNA

11. How to make transgenic bacteria: 1
How to make transgenic bacteria: 1. DNA of bacterial plasmid is cut with restriction enzymes 2. New gene is inserted 3. “Tape” the gene in place with ligase. 4. Plasmid replaced in bacteria 5. Bacteria make the protein coded by the new gene.

12. Bacteria can do this because they have the same genetic code as humans and all other living things.
Bacteria used to produce human proteins
insulin
growth factor
hormones

13. Ex - Mouse on right has a human gene that produces growth factor
Ex - Mouse on right has a human gene that produces growth factor. Same technique used in chickens, pigs, and cows.

14. Traits put into transgenic plants: herbicide resistant gene
insect resistant gene
herbicide resistant gene
drought resistant gene
cold resistant gene
disease resistant gene

15. Name 4 good reasons for creating transgenic organisms.

16. 2. Cloning: making exact copies of organisms. Dolly was first

18. First cloned kitten.

19. Why Clone?
A. Cloning stem cells for research Stem cells can develop into any type cell. They might be used to repair damaged or diseased organs and tissues.

20. B. "Pharming" for drug production
Cows, sheep and goats are being genetically engineered to produce drugs or proteins that are useful in medicine.

21. C. Reviving Endangered or Extinct Species
Clone endangered species

22. Name 3 good reasons for cloning.

23. 3. DNA Fingerprints
Use “genetic fingerprinting” to identify individuals. Each person’s DNA creates unique pattern.
Steps:
A. DNA is cut into small pieces with restriction enzymes.
B. The pieces are separated and form bars. Then photographed.

24. C. Patterns of bars are compared to find a match.
In this example, suspect #2 left some DNA at the crime scene.

25. Role of Biological Resistance
Antibiotic resistance- the ability of a microorganism to resist the effects of an antibiotic.
Occurs naturally through natural selection by random mutation.
Or can be engineered.
Resistance is passed on to offspring.
Pesticide resistance- decreased susceptibility of a pest to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest population.
Due to physiological and behavioral changes