1. GBV survey: development of the questionnaire
EUROSTAT
20 March 2018

2. Developing the questionnaire
Supported by ISTAT and TF on GBV
Following steps:
Mapping policy needs
Reviewing national and international experiences
Expert’s discussion:
Discussion on topics of the survey and list of indicators: TF meeting February 2017
Written consultations on list of variables: April-May 2017
Discussion on the questionnaire: TF meeting June 2017 followed by written discussion through Yammer: August 2017
Translation and pretesting the questionnaire:
Questionnaire for pretesting and description of the variables: shared September 2017
Guidelines for pretesting: shared October 2017

3. Indicators agreed internationally
Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA) critical area D. Violence against women
Core and optional indicators at UN level (group of the Friends of the Chair of the United Nations Statistical Commission on Statistical Indicators on Violence against Women)
Global minimum set of gender indicators (UN)
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicators
Istanbul Convention: requirement of data collection
Indicators developed by EIGE to measure the satellite domain of Violence in the Gender Equality Index

4. Indicators (discussed by TF on GBV)
Physical/sexual violence: prevalence rate by sex/age group/relationship between victim and perpetrator, during lifetime/ 5 years/last year
Psychological/physical/sexual violence by partner: prevalence rate for ever partnered women and men, during lifetime/ 5 years/last year
Stalking: prevalence rate for women and men during lifetime/ 5 years/last year
Sexual violence in childhood: prevalence rate by sex, age group/relationship between victim and perpetrator
Sexual harassment at work: prevalence rate by sex, age group/relationship between victim and perpetrator, during lifetime/ 5 years/last year

5. In the context of Istanbul Convention
“Gender‐based violence against women” shall mean violence that is directed against a woman because she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately
Forms of violence: psychological, physical, sexual violence, stalking, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, forced abortion/sterilisation, sexual harassment
Violence occurring in public or in private life

6. Translating definitions to questions
28 Member States,
more than 500 million people in age 18+
Experiences on data collection
Personal experiences
Trust of institutions
Level of awareness
Facts: as objective as possible - what experienced
Opinion: to assess differences
How respondent understand the question
What respondent is ready to share

7. Questionnaire structure
Contacting
 filled by interviewer
Respondent background
 all
Sexual harassment at work
 Ever worked: screening, “Yes”
Non-partner violence
 Screening all, rest if “Yes”
Non-partner episode
 If “Yes”
Current partner background
 If has partner
Current partner violence
 Screening all partnered, rest if “Yes”
Current partner episode
 If “Yes”
Former partner violence
 Screening ever partnered, rest if “Yes”
Former partner episode
 If “Yes”
Former partner background
 If “Yes”
Stalking
 Screening all, rest if “Yes”
Violence in childhood
 Screening all, rest if “Yes”
Support services and general victimisation
 all

8. Respondent/household background
Core variables: sex, age, education, origin, employment, etc.
Ever worked
Economic independence
Partners: current and former
Social network
Partners: living or not living together

9. Sexual harassment at work
Screening
Who did it
Happened once or more
When last time: last year/5 years/earlier
Number of episodes last year
Reporting to someone
Knowing if help available
Awareness

10. Non-partner violence Screening, for each act: who did
Separately for threats/physical/sexual violence and for each perpetrator:
Happened once or more
When last time: last year/5 years/earlier
Number of episodes last year: 1 to 10, more than 10: frequency
Physical violence: any injuries, when last time
For physical/sexual violence: talked to someone
Threats+physical+sexual violence by perpetrator:
Duration of violence
Health consequences due to violent experiences

11. Non-partner violence: episode
Threats/physical/sexual violence together: last episode
What and where happened, who did, what respondent did
Alcohol, drugs, weapons, feeling that life was in danger
Physical injuries, mental consequences
Help from medical/other services
Reporting to police and satisfaction
Consequences of violence: work, studies, housework, childcare
Awareness: was it crime

12. Separately current/any former partner
Psychological violence:
Screening
When last time: last year/5 years/earlier
Frequency during last year
Separately for threats/physical/sexual violence:
Happened once or more
Number of episodes last year: 1 to 10, more than 10
If more than 10: how often
For physical/sexual violence: talked to someone
Threats+physical+sexual violence:
Duration of violence
Health consequences due to violent experiences (if not “yes” before)

13. Current partner violence: episode Former partner violence: episode
Threats+physical+sexual violence - last episode:
What and where happened, more than partner, what respondent did to defend her/himself
Alcohol, drugs, weapons, feeling that life was in danger
Physical injuries
Help from medical/other services
Reporting to police and satisfaction
Consequences of violence: work, studies, housework, childcare
Awareness: was it crime
Threats+physical+sexual violence - all episodes:
Frequency
Mental consequences, alcohol/drugs use due to violence
Permanent damage
Violence during pregnancy/children as victims/witnesses
Separation from partner due to violence

14. Current/last violent former partner
Background:
Age, sex, origin, education, activity status
Duration of relationship
Partner is drinking alcohol
Partner is violent outside of home
Partner ever had trouble with police
Weapons accessible for the partner

15. Stalking Screening, for each act: who did For each perpetrator:
Duration
Frequency
When last time: last year/5 years/earlier
Experienced before aged 15
For last perpetrator: reported to official
For all episodes:
Reported to police and satisfaction
Any change as result of reporting
What respondent did to protect her/himself

16. Violence in childhood Violence between parents
Emotional violence by parents
Physical violence - separately less and more serious:
Who did
Physical violence by perpetrator:
Frequency
Sexual violence - separately rape and other:
Sexual violence:
Age when first episode happened
Talked to someone what happened

17. Support services/victimisation
Knowledge about availability of different victim support services
Level of awareness: how common is intimate partner violence against women/men
General victimization experiences during last 5 years, if yes, then did it happen during last year, if yes number of episodes:
Stolen car
Stolen motorcycle, scooter or moped
Burglary
Robbery using the force
Theft without force

18. Pretesting the questionnaire
Finished by 7 countries
Questionnaire was translated in eight different languages
Different pretesting methods were used:
experts' review: 4 countries
focus group: 4 countries
cognitive interviews: 5 countries, interviews per country
test respondent interviewing method: 1 country
Methodological reports delivered in January 2018
The questions were considered sensitive, however, not too personal and still possible to answer
The respondent burden was a major theme arising from the reports and countries recommended shortening the questionnaire: however, NL sent to respondents 200 paper questionnaires and 129 were returned

19. Discussions in the TF: 7-8 March 2018
Private experts:
Focusing on victim and episodes instead of victim
GBV survey in FR: including sexual orientation
Sharing Canadian experience on conducting GBV survey
Five member states:
To share pretesting experiences
Discussion the general comments: duration the interview, ordering the sections in the questionnaire, non-partner violence before and after age 15, last vs most serious episode
Discussion at question level

20. Focus on victim Focus on violent episodes
Non-partner
Current partner
Former partner
List of violent acts: merged
WHO
When last episode
Aggregated level
Episode 1: who, when, injury
Episode 2: who, when, injury
Episode 3: who, when, injury
Episode 4: who, when, injury
Episode 5: who, when, injury
Episode ..: who, when, injury
Episodes:
what
number
frequency
injury
Number of episodes
Frequency of episodes
Ever injured
Episode
Episode
Episode
+ focus more to catch all violent experiences
- Less information at each episode level: e.g. which episode caused injury; not possible to sum up episodes to know total
+ information about each episode
- Complicated for the respondent: repeated violence = very similar episodes = series of episodes; to list chronologically single episodes and series of episodes, might be challenging; if not lifetime list, lifetime not covered
If we ask separately for non-partner, current partner, former partner, helps respondent to recall the situations and not to miss any experienced act. We should not merge acts or perpetrators, especially when level of awareness is not high by general population. If we ask in this way, we should not add the questions about each single act – too much for the respondent. But in this way we might miss information that helps us understand violence experienced by men and women.
Compromise could be to collect a bit more information about all episodes experienced by each perpetrator: type of non-partner perpetrator, current partner, last violent former partner

21. Example 5 pencils: 2 red, 1 blue, 2 brown This month: 1
Which colour: do not know
How many red pencils you have?
How many blue pencils you have?
How many brown pencils you have?
Do you remember what you bought this month?
How many pencils you bought this month?
1 pencil
Please think about all your pencils you have bought during last 6 months.
Pencil 1. What colour?
When did you buy that? Month: ________
March
5 pencils: 2 red, 1 blue, 2 brown
This month: 1
Which colour: blue
Pencil 2. What colour?
When did you buy that? Month: ________
February
Pencil 3. What colour?
When did you buy that? Month: ________
February
Pencil 4. What colour?
When did you buy that? Month: ________
Do you remember for all, when you bought them?
November
Pencil 5. What colour?
When did you buy that? Month: ________
October

22. Information about episodes
At the level of each perpetrator and type of violence:
Current partner
Any former partner
Relative
Friend
Someone at work
Acquaintance
Stranger
Threats
Physical violence
Sexual violence

23. Information about episodes
At the level of each perpetrator and type of violence:
What happened – which acts experienced
Once or more (lifetime)
When last time: last year/5 years/earlier
Number of episodes during last year: exact number for 1 to 10, frequency for more than ten episodes
Only physical violence: physical injury lifetime/last year
Only physical/sexual violence: talked to someone
Only for partner violence: psychological violence: when was last time (last year/5 years/earlier) and frequency during last year
Last non-partner/current partner/former partner episode
The problem here is that we cannot sum-up the number of episodes. At the moment it was proposed to change the questionnaire in that way, that we will focus more on episode., but not at each single episode, but on series of episodes if we will define the series of episodes through perpetrator. This should be compromise between two different approaches.

24. Finalising the questionnaire
Conclusions based on discussion during TF
Conclusions based on written online discussion: 16 March
Sharing next version of the questionnaire with TF members: 9 April
Final version of the questionnaire for the pilot survey: end of April, but as soon as possible

25. Thank you for your attention!
Questions? Comments?