2. CHAPTER TWENTY International Banking Service Options
The purpose of this chapter is to learn what services international banks offer their customers and to discover the options a bank manager has under law and regulation to organize a multinational bank.

3. Types of Foreign Banking Organizations
Representative Offices
Agency Offices
Branch Offices
Joint Ventures
Edge Act Corporations
Agreement Corporations
International Banking Facilities
Shell Branches
Export Trading Companies

4. Goals of International Banking Regulation
Protecting the Safety of Depositor Funds
Promote Stable Growth in Money and Credit
Foreign Exchange Controls
Restrict the Outflow of Scarce Capital
Protect Domestic Financial Institutions and Markets from Foreign Competition

5. Regulation of Foreign Bank Activity in the U.S.
International Banking Act of 1978
Foreign Bank Supervision Act of 1991
International Lending and Supervision Act of 1983
Basle Agreement

6. Customer Services Supplied By Banks in International Markets
Making Foreign Currency Available
Hedging Against Foreign Currency Risk Exposure
Supplying Customers with Short and Long Term Credit and Credit Guarantees
Supplying Payment and Thrift Instruments
Underwriting Customer Note and Bond Issues in the Eurobond Market
Protecting Customers Against Interest Rate Risk
Helping Customers Market Their Products Through an Export Trading Company

7. Tools for Reducing Currency Risk
Forward Contracts
Currency Futures Contracts
Currency Options
Currency Swaps

8. Ways of Supplying Customers with Credit
Note Issuance Facilities
Eurocommercial Paper (ECP)
American Depository Receipt (ADR)

9. Future Problems for International Banks
Growing Customer Use of Securities Markets to Raise Funds
Developing Better Methods to Estimate Risk in International Lending
Adjusting to New Market Opportunities Created By Deregulation and New International Agreements
Opportunities Created By NAFTA
Opportunities Created in the EU and Eastern Europe
Opportunities Created in Asia