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Unit Standards 3.1 Illustrate and explain the expansion and intensification of communication and exchange networks from 600CE to 1450CE. *Analyze the importance China in the exchange networks 3.2 Discuss the continuity and innovation of state forms and their interactions from 600CE to 1450CE. *Examine the changes in political systems in China. Students will discuss and analyze the changes that occurred in China during the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties through discussion, notes, and group activity.
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Sui Dynasty ( ) Emperor Sui Wendi Sui forcefully united northern and southern China after 400 years of division. Led by Sui Wendi and Sui Yangdi. Used Daoism and Buddhism as a common identity to unite empire – appointed monks to high political positions and built monasteries. Laid foundations for Tang and Song dynasties.
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Unit Standards 3.1 Illustrate and explain the expansion and intensification of communication and exchange networks from 600CE to 1450CE. *Analyze the importance China in the exchange networks 3.2 Discuss the continuity and innovation of state forms and their interactions from 600CE to 1450CE. *Examine the changes in political systems in China. Students will discuss and analyze the changes that occurred in China during the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties through discussion, notes, and group activity.
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Unit Standards 3.1 Illustrate and explain the expansion and intensification of communication and exchange networks from 600CE to 1450CE. *Analyze the importance China in the exchange networks 3.2 Discuss the continuity and innovation of state forms and their interactions from 600CE to 1450CE. *Examine the changes in political systems in China. Students will discuss and analyze the changes that occurred in China during the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties through discussion, notes, and group activity.
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Unit Standards 3.1 Illustrate and explain the expansion and intensification of communication and exchange networks from 600CE to 1450CE. *Analyze the importance China in the exchange networks 3.2 Discuss the continuity and innovation of state forms and their interactions from 600CE to 1450CE. *Examine the changes in political systems in China. Students will discuss and analyze the changes that occurred in China during the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties through discussion, notes, and group activity.
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Chapter 14 – Japan, Korea, Vietnam
AP WORLD HISTORY 43
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What do we know about Post-Classical China?
Sui, Tang, Song Dynasties Sui: rebuilds after chaos resulting from the fall of the Han dynasty; Grand Canal to connect north and south Tang: Early support and promotion of Buddhism (Empress Wu); increase in temples/education/rights of women; eventually ban Buddhism; Perfect Bureaucracy/Civil Service Exam; growth of large cities Song: Neo-Confucianism; foot binding; strong trade networks and navy; some tendencies for exploration Eventually will be invaded by Mongols in 1237 CE 44
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China’s View of the Asian Peoples
China was seen as “Middle Kingdom” Chinese language, Confucianism, technological innovations and social/political organization spread throughout Vietnam, Korea and Japan This spread was also met with open resistance when direct control was exerted (Vietnam & Korea)
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Japan in the Post-Classical Period
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Influence of Chinese Government, Culture and Traditions in Japan
7th and 8th centuries CE - Chinese influence in full effect in Japan Taika Reforms (646 CE) Change Japanese leader into absolute emperor Chinese language in Japanese bureaucracy Dynastic histories Etiquette blended from China and Japan Buddhist art; Confucian practices Ultimately fail - WHY? Buddhist monks overly powerful; aristocratic families seize control in reaction and move capital to Heian 47
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Chinese Influence Upon Japanese Culture
Royal Court Proceedings Emphasized education, politeness, social norms, literature/poetry/art Palaces and Gardens The Tale of Genji Decline of Chinese influence Imperial family loses power to powerful landowners Less stress on importance of Chinese customs which were deeply connected to Imperial family Formal gov’t replaced with bakufu (military government)
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JapaneseFeudal Society
The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! JapaneseFeudal Society
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Japanese Social Structure
Samurai Code of Honor (Bushido) Loyalty to lords and emperor, Politeness, Simplicity Hunting, Archery, Steel Swords and Longbow Seppuku - killing oneself for dishonorable deeds Japanese vs. European Feudalism 50
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Japanese vs. European Feudalism
Europe Japan Nobility king, lords emperor, shogun, daimyo Warriors knights samurai Code of conduct chivalry bushido Evolution Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability everyone had well-defined social roles helped preserve law and order
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Japanese Economy Growth of urban commerce Impact on Women Guilds
Better crops (soybeans) Settle in new areas Impact on Women Guild and trade participation in merchant classes Elite women: lost rights to inherit land and certain forms of education Used in marriage alliances 52
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Decline of Post-Classical Japan
Shoguns Gain too much power; manipulated emperors Military Divisions Divide Japan into 300 little kingdoms Changes in Warfare Sneak attacks, untrained forces; decreased focus on role of samurai Peasant Unrest Badly trained and poorly fed troops Raid cities; some unsuccessful revolts and uprisings 53
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Korea in the Post-Classical Period
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Chinese Influence Upon Korea
Before arrival of Chinese Influence: Descendants of Siberia and Manchuria Settle in Korean by 4th century BCE Han Dynasty conquered Korea in 109 BCE; Chinese settlers to Korea Sinification Adoption of Chinese culture Aided by Buddhism Acceptance of certain Chinese traditions Writing, unified law code, universities, bureaucracy 55
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Sinification Tang Dynasty conquers Korea, but eventually removes influence in 668 CE Korea remains independent until 20th century Send groups to China to study Chinese culture (Tribute system) Study Chinese texts Art - modeled Chinese pottery, architecture (templies, pagodas), print-making Buddhism 56
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Limited Acceptance Which group was most likely to accept Chinese culture in Korea? Why? Elites did not intermarry or socialize outside of classes so ideas never spread Dominated trade with China and Japan Commoners only related to religious (Buddhist) aspect due to missionaries and festivals After expulsion of Mongols in 1231, Korea establishes the Yi dynasty which will continue many of these trends until its rule ends in 1910 57
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Vietnam in the Post-Classical Period
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Vietnam 2nd century BCE - conquered by Han
Pre-conquest: Viets had strong cultural heritage of their own Already settled in area when come in contact with Qin dynasty 100 years before Resisted cultural influences but accepted technological innovations and ideas about government China views Viets as “southern barbarians” 59
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Chinese vs. Vietnamese Cultures in Post-Classical Period
Chinese Culture Xenophobic Mandarin Chinese Emphasis on centralized government/ bureaucracy Women’s roles limited to household Vietnamese Culture Willing to marry outside of culture (Khmers in Cambodia) Distinct language Emphasized local village autonomy Women have good deal of independence Also have different styles of dress and hygiene 60
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Influence Upon Vietnamese Elite
111 BCE - Han conquers Vietnam Elite look to benefit Attend Chinese schools Enforce exam system for gov’t jobs Adopt irrigation techniques, Chinese military organization, ancestor worship 61
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Vietnamese Resistance to Chinese Influence
Peasants oppose influence - they don’t benefit as much as elite Chinese in Vietnam look down upon lower-class customs Trung sisters led revolt in 39 Ce Opposed Confucian values - WHY? Vietnam difficult for China to control due to geography (Distance/mountains) 939 CE - gain independence from China Remain independent until 19th c. French colonization 62
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