1. Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
9 Biology

2. Equations:

3. Photosynthesis Anabolic process ( small to big)
Goal: to produce glucose for the plant using light energy (photons) from the sun:
Light energy(photons) chemical energy
Needs: Chlorophyll- pigment molecule that absorbs light energy( photons), water, carbon dioxide
Where: the chloroplast

4. The Chloroplast

5. Light Dependent Reaction:
Reaction center in thylakoid membrane contains chlorophyll which absorbs photons energizes electrons
Energized electrons hop down the membrane creating energy to create ATP using the electron transport chain.
Where: Thylakoids of chloroplast

6. Light Dependent Reaction:

7. Electron Transport Chain:
Chemiosmosis- moving H+ to create a concentration gradient
Concentration gradient causes H+ to move from high concentration to low concentration
When H+ moves through ATP synthase, ATP is created.
The H+ (proton) supplies the energy to add a phosphate to ADPATP
Where: inner membrane of cristae of mitochondria, thylakoid membrane

8. Electron Transport Chain:

9. Goal of Light Dependent Reaction:
Uses light energy (photons) to move electrons and protons to generate ATP.
Use H+ transfer molecules to generate ATP. (NADP+, NADPH)
ATP is needed for the NEXT process:
The Calvin Cycle

10. The Calvin Cycle: Light Independent: occurs with or without sunlight
Goal: make glucose for plant
Stored as sugar or starch
Each turn of the cycle adds a carbon to a growing chain glucose (6 C sugar)
6 turns of the Calvin Cycle makes 1 molecule of glucose
Where: Stroma of chloroplast

11. Light Independent Reaction:

12. Aerobic Cellular Respiration: With oxygen
Catabolic process (big to small)
Goal: Take chemical energy from food to make ATP for metabolic needs
Three Parts:
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb’s Cycle
2. Aerobic respiration- ETC
Where: the mitochondria

13. Anaerobic Respiration Pathways: No Oxygen
Alcoholic fermentation
Yeast
Products are carbon dioxide and ethanol(alcohol)
Lactic Acid Fermentation:
Can occur in humans for short time when oxygen is depleted
Converts pyruvate to lactic acid and back again
Causes sore muscles

14. The Mitochondria

15. STEP 1: Glycolysis
Goal: splitting 1 molecule of glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules
Releases: carbon dioxide
Where: Cytoplasm of cell
Generates: 2 ATP

16. STEP 2: Kreb’s Cycle
Pyruvate molecules are modified to enter Kreb’s Cycle
Goal: Generate H+ and electrons for ETC using molecules: NADH, FADH2
Releases: Carbon dioxide
Where: Matrix of mitochondria

17. Kreb’s Cycle

18. STEP 3: Electron Transport Chain

19. Goal of Electron Transport Chain:
Generate ATP(energy) for body processes: 36 ATP
Generates water
Most efficient ATP generation step
Only step in Cellular Respiration that uses oxygen
Where: Inner membrane of cristae of mitochondria

20. Explain both equations using what you have learned: