1. The Nervous System Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
The Nervous System
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2. “Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System”
Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Nerve outside the brain and spinal cord
Slide 7.2
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3. Spinal Cord Anatomy Internal gray matter - mostly cell bodies
External white matter- mostly axons myelin
Figure 7.19
Slide 7.53b
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4. Spinal Nerves Slide 7.64 Figure 7.22a
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5. Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory (afferent) division
Nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system
Figure 7.1
Slide 7.3a
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6. Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
Motor (efferent) division
Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system
Figure 7.1
Slide 7.3b
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7. Functional Classification of the Peripheral Nervous System
Motor (efferent) division
Two subdivisions
Somatic nervous system = voluntary
Autonomic nervous system = involuntary
Figure 7.1
Slide 7.3c
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8. Motor Efferent Division
Somatic nervous system
VOLUNTARY (generally)
Somatic nerve fibers that conduct impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system
INVOLUNTARY (generally)
Conducts impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

9. Autonomic Nervous System
Can be divided into:
Sympathetic Nervous System
“Fight or Flight”
Parasympathetic Nervous System
“Rest and Digest”
These 2 systems are antagonistic
Typically, we balance these 2 to keep ourselves in a state of
dynamic balance.

10. Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System
Figure 7.25
Slide 7.73
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11. Organization of the Nervous System
Figure 7.2
Slide 7.4
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12. Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Figure 7.24
Slide 7.69
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13. Answer each question using internet sources, tables and graph.
Cite Source: (.org, .gov, .edu)
Answer WHY
Partner’s Table
Your Table
1 graph with both partner’s info:
label the X and Y and every variable

14. Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
“Homunculus”
Figure 7.14
Slide 7.31
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15. Neuron Part Video Explanation of Neuron Parts

16. 2 1 5 6 3 4

17. Neuron Anatomy Cell body control center Nucleus Large nucleolus
Mitochondria
Figure 7.4a
Slide 7.9b
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18. Neuron Anatomy
Dendrites – receive information and take it toward the cell body
Axons – send information away from the cell body to another neuron (only 1!)
Figure 7.4a
Slide 7.10
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19. Neuron Anatomy Myelin/Schwann Cells: Provide protection
Enable signal to be sent quickly to the next neuron
Figure 7.4a
Slide 7.10
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20. Axons and Nerve Impulses
Axonal Terminals
contain vesicles with neurotransmitters (chemicals)
separated from the next neuron by a gap
Synaptic cleft – gap between adjacent neurons
Synapse – junction between nerves

22. Support Cells Satellite Schwann Astrocytes Microglia Oligodendrocytes
Central Nervous System
(CNS)
Astrocytes
Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal
Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS)
Satellite
Schwann

23. Glial Cells - Neuroanatomy Basics - Anatomy Tutorial
Support Cell Video
Essential Human Biology: Nervous Tissue - Support Cells
Glial Cells - Neuroanatomy Basics - Anatomy Tutorial

24. Support Cells of the PNS
Satellite cells
Protect neuron cell bodies
Repair cells
Control the chemical balance
Slide 7.7b
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25. Support Cells of the PNS
Schwann cells
Form myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system for support and protection
Provide insulation to insure signals get sent to the next neuron and sent quickly
Slide 7.7b

26. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells Of CNS (Neuroglia or Glia)
Astrocytes (CNS)
Star-shaped cells
Help in repairing cells
Form barrier between capillaries and neurons
Control the chemical environment of the brain (CNS)
Figure 7.3a
Slide 7.5
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27. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells
Microglia (CNS)
Spider-like macrophages
Dispose of debris
Important in immune support
Ependymal cells (CNS)
Line ventricles of the brain and spinal cord
Circulate cerebrospinal fluid with cilia
Help create cerebrospinal fluid
Figure 7.3b, c
Slide 7.6
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28. Nervous Tissue: Support Cells
Oligodendrocytes(CNS)
Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system
Provides insulation to ensure signals get sent
Increases speed of signals
Multiple Sclerosis
Figure 7.3d
Slide 7.7a
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29. Groups present drug information
optical illusions

30. Neuron Classification
Figure 7.6
Slide 7.15
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32. Figure 7.15a
Slide 7.29b
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33. Cerebrum Left and right hemispheres of the brain Contains all 4 lobes
Slide 7.43a
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34. Thalamus Surrounds the third ventricle
The relay station for sensory impulses
Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation
Slide 7.35
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35. Hypothalamus Under the thalamus
Important autonomic nervous system center
Helps regulate body temperature
Controls water balance
Regulates metabolism
Slide 7.36a
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36. Brain Stem Attaches to the spinal cord Parts of the brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Slide 7.38a
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37. Midbrain Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers
Reflex centers for vision and hearing
Cerebral aquaduct – 3rd-4th ventricles
Slide 7.39
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38. Pons The bulging center part of the brain stem
Mostly composed of fiber tracts
Includes nuclei involved in the control of breathing
Slide 7.40
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39. Medulla Oblongata The lowest part of the brain stem
Merges into the spinal cord
Includes important fiber tracts
Contains important control centers
Heart rate control
Blood pressure regulation
Breathing
Swallowing
Vomiting
Slide 7.41
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40. Protection of the Central Nervous System
Cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges
Figure 7.16a
Slide 7.44b
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41. Ventricles and Location of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Figure 7.17b
Slide 7.47b
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42. Spinal Cord Anatomy Exterior white mater – conduction tracts
Figure 7.19
Slide 7.53a
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43. Spinal Cord Anatomy Central canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Figure 7.19
Slide 7.53c
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