Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High School
The Great War Mr. Millhouse AP World History Hebron High School
2
The Road to War
3
Nationalism Ottoman retreat from Balkans creates Slavic nationalism
Serbs (slavs) desire a unified, independent Serbia Russian supports Serbia Russian support for Pan-Slavism creates tension with Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia in 1908 Bosnia had a large population of Serbs
4
Imperialism Race for additional territory after 1880 created tension between European nations Berlin Conference ( ) called to prevent violence Britain and Germany clash over territory in Africa and Middle East Moroccan Crisis of 1905 France and Germany clash over control of Morocco Balkan Wars Increases tension between Russia and Austria-Hungary
5
Militarism Size of European militaries doubled between 1890 and 1914
Russian army = 1,000,000 men France & Germany = 900,000 men
6
The Alliance System
7
An Inevitable War? “The entire able-bodied population is preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable accident, for the spark to fall in a flash…and blow Europe sky-high.” Frederic Passy, 1895
8
“…some unforeseen incident…”
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 The assassin was Gavrilo Princip a member of a nationalist group called Young Bosnia
9
“…the spark to fall in a flash…and blow Europe sky high”
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914 Russia immediately mobilizes its army Germany declared war on Russia on August 1, 1914 Germany declared war on France on August 3, 1914 Great Britain declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914
10
Europe at War
11
The Western Front Schlieffen Plan Rapid attack fails
Devised by Alfred von Schlieffen in 1905 Germany’s plan to avoid fighting a war on two fronts Called for rapid attack on France through Belgium Rapid attack fails Result is a stalemate on Western Front
12
European Theater
13
The Western Front: A Stalemate
14
Trench Warfare
15
Trench Warfare
17
“No Man’s Land”
18
Point of Emphasis: The Great War was a “global” war
19
Europe recruited soldiers from their colonies to fight in the war
Clockwise from top left: Sikh soldiers in India, Chinese troops in Greece, African soldiers in German East Africa, a Bermuda militia in London
20
Global Recruiting Posters
21
The Middle East Ottoman Empire joins Central Powers
Attempt to regain territory in Balkan peninsula Armenian Genocide Arab Revolt of 1916 Arabs want independence from the Ottoman Empire British promise military aid Revolt was unsuccessful due to the lack of military support Arabs gain their independence with a price T.E. Lawrence, leader of the Arab revolt
22
Armenian Genocide
23
East Asia Japanese enter war on side of allies
Seize German colonies in the Pacific & China Japan issues China the Twenty-One Demands in 1915 Would turn China into a protectorate of Japan Chinese government did not accept or reject the demands Let to collapse of China’s military government Yuan Shikai was ousted as result of the Twenty-One Demands
24
South Asia Indian National Congress initially supported the war
Hope to achieve self-government British made promises to move towards self-government 1.3 million Indians served as soldiers and laborers Over 100,000 casualties Provided food and materials to aid the British war effort
25
Point of Emphasis: World War I was a high-tech war
New technology changes nature of warfare (and not for the better) Over 8 million soldiers killed; over 19 million wounded Over 8 million civilians were also killed
26
World War I biplane German U-boat British Tank Machine gunners w/ gas masks
27
Point of Emphasis: World War I was a Total War
Definition of Total War Conflict in which the participating countries devote all of their resources to the war effort Aspects of Total War Mandatory military conscription 40% of all French males served in the Great War Nationalization of industry The Home Front Women, children, ethnic minorities, etc. are considered a vital part of the war effort Propaganda
28
The Home Front Women in the Great War Factory workers, nurses, farmers
Facilitates suffrage movement in U.S.
29
The Home Front Rationing Food Shortages Diets Change
Left: German bread ration card Above: U.S. Food Administration propaganda posters
30
African-Americans in World War I
380,000 African-Americans served in the U.S. army 200,000 were sent to Europe; only 42,000 saw combat
31
War Propaganda
32
War Propaganda
33
Weird War Propaganda
34
End of the Great War
35
U.S. Enters the Great War Germans sink the Lusitania on May 7, 1915
Unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman Note in February 1917 U.S. declares war on Germany on April 6, 1917
38
Influenza Epidemic One of the most devastating outbreaks of disease in modern times Mass movement during World War I spread the flu around the world Spread to the trenches of the Great War “Spanish” flu kills 30 million people worldwide Kills 550,000 in the United States Kills 12.5 million in India and China
39
End of the Great War Russia withdraws in February 1918
Russian Revolution War of Attrition Almost no fighting occurs in Germany Germany surrenders at 11:00 on November 11, 1918 Treaty of Versailles conference starts January 1919
Similar presentations
