1. Seeds What terrestrial adaptations led to the success of seed plants?
Gametophyte generation is even more reduced!
Why hasn’t the gametophyte generation been erased?
Allele screening can occur in gametophytes since they are haploid
Sporophyte embryos depend on female gametophyte for food
Ones with the best alleles will survive

2. Spores in brypohytes and mosses resist environmental changes
Seeds replace spore’s role of dispersing the species.
Spores are retained within the sporangia
Pollen frees sperm from water

3. Gymnosperms What does gymnospem mean? Naked seeds
How are the needle shaped leaves of Coniferophyta adapted to dry conditions?
Thicker cuticle, stomata in pits

4. Coniferophyta Examples…

5. Sequoia
Douglas Fir
Juniper
Cypress

11. Pine ovulate cone
ovules

12. Ovule from ovulate cone

13. Pine staminate cone
Pollen
Pollen sac

14. Germinating pollen grains

17. Seed Dispersal in Coniferophyta

18. Hypothetical phylogeny of Seed Plants