1. Agenda 10/26 Plant Nutrition Lecture Plant Nutrition Skits
Turn in: Chp 35 notes, video notes
Homework
1. Genes Traveling Article
2. Properties of Water Video and Notes

2. Warm up! In your notes answer the following..
What nutrients do plants need to survive? How do they get those nutrients?

3. Plants need water! Water and minerals in the soil absorbed by roots
Water evaporated through the stomata in the leaves is called transpiration
Creates a force within leaves that pulls water upward in xylem

4. But plants need more than just water….
CO2 and O2 are also exchanged at the stomata for photosynthesis
CO2 is absorbed
O2 is released
Some gas exchange can also happen in the roots

5. But plants need more than just water….
Sugars are produced by photosynthesis in the leaves
They are transport throughout the plant by the phloem
Phloem can transport materials in both directions

7. How does the water get from the roots to the top of the tree?
Brainstorm 3 ideas with your partner

8. Root Pressure
As more and more water accumulates in the roots, it creates a pressure in the roots by pushing by on the root cells
This pushes water into the xylem and creates pressure in the xylem
This pressure creates a force that pushes water up the stem of the plant

9. Transpiration
Root pressure alone isn’t enough to account for water movement in all plants
Transpiration is the main pulling force that draws water from the roots to the top of the tree
To understand how transpiration works, you have to understand chemical properties of water

10. Put as many drops of water on your penny as you can!
Why does this happen? What is occurring?

11. TACT Theory (tension-adhesion-cohesion-transpiration theory)
Water is a polar molecule
It has an uneven distribution of charge
When two water molecule approach each other, the form an intermolecular attraction called a hydrogen bond
This hydrogen bonds creates cohesion and adhesion in the plant, which allows water to be pulled from the root through the xylem up to the leave

12. Cohesion and Adhesion
Adhesion occurs when water forms hydrogen bonds with xylem cell walls.
Cohesion occurs when water molecules hydrogen bond with each other.

13. Transpiration Water evaporated from the leave
When one water molecule is lost, another is pulled along due to the cohesion and adhesion of the water in the xylem
Transpiration pull refers to the use of capillary action and surface tension of water
This is the primary mechanism of water movement in plants!

14. Transpiration Pull

15. Important of the hydrogen bonds
Arrange the water molecules at your lab station
Use the string to represent the xylem and arrange the molecules accordingly

16. Importance of Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds are an intermolecular force- not a physical bond
They play an important role in a lot of biological molecules

17. Stomata regulation transpiration rate
When water moves into the guard cells surrounding the stomata they become more turgid
The structure of the guard cells’ wall cause them to bend outward opening the pore
This allows for an increase of gas exchange, and increase in transpiration

18. Stomata can regulate transpiration
When the guard cells lose water they become less bowed and the pore closes
This limits gas exchange and water evaporation/transpiration

19. Role Of Potassium Ion In Stomatal Opening And Closing
The transport of K+ (potassium ions, symbolized
here as red dots) across the plasma membrane and
vacuolar membrane causes the turgor changes of
guard cells.
H2O K+
The changes in turgor pressure in guard cells is largely due to the reversible absorption and loss of K+. Stoma open when guard cells actively accumulate K+ from neighboring epidermal cells lowering their water potential.

20. Teams for today Team 1: Team 2: Del Griselda Daniela Emma Alan Matty
Annette
Jaz
Natalie
Martha
Leslie
Madison

21. Plant Nutrition Skits
In your team, design a skit that outlines how plants get the nutrients they need. Include
Overview of how plants get sugars, water, and carbon dioxide into their system
Explain how oxygen and water vapor get released
Describe how nutrients are transported throughout the plant (xylem/phloem)
Explain the role the stomata play in gas exchange/homeostasis
Describe three properties of water that contribute to transpiration
Show how water moves into the xylem from roots
Show how water moves up the plant in the xylem
Explain how the stomata can adapt to changing environments