1. Progression of the Holocaust

2. FACTS 63% of Jewish population in Europe was killed
91% of Jewish population in Poland was killed
Auschwitz-Birkenau was liberated by Soviet troops on Jan. 27, 1945
Found 836, 255 women’s dresses
348,000 men’s suits
38,000 pairs of men’s shoes
14,000 pounds of human hair
But only 7,650 live prisoners

3. European Jewish Population in 1933: 9,508,340
Estimated Jewish survivors of Holocaust: 3,546,211
=5,962,129

4. First Stage: Definition (early 1930s)
Purpose of this stage was to establish the Jewish population as “different” from the rest of society
Nazis defined Jews based on so-called “scientific” evidence
Jews were required to register Jews for identity cards

5. Definition
Jewish people were separated from the rest of society by visible symbols-placing the label “Jew” on their clothing, passports and businesses
Towards the end of this stage, Jews were required to sew a yellow star on all of their clothing

6. Stage 2: Expropriation (late 1930s)
Purpose of this stage was to demoralize the Jewish population
Jewish properties and livelihoods were expropriated (taken away)
Law forbade Jews from holding certain jobs, living in certain places, owning businesses or having bank accounts

7. Stage 2
Because Jews had already been identified in the first stage, it was easy to enforce the new laws against them
Furthermore, Jews had already been established as different than and inferior to the rest of society, so few people objected

8. Stage 3: Concentration (early 1930s, but intensified in 1939)
Purpose of this stage was not only to further remove the Jewish population from the rest of society (both physically and psychologically), but also to bring the Jews into a concentrated area to make it easier to transport them to the death camps

9. Stage 3
German Jews were not allowed to attend school, to travel, to own phones, radios, cameras or pets
In Poland in 1939, Jews were forced to move from the countryside into sectioned-off sections of cities called ghettos

10. Stage 3
In the ghettos, Jews worked as slave labourers, surviving on minimal supplies of food, water and shelter
Huge numbers of the Jews died in the ghettos of disease and malnutrition

11. Stage 4: Annihilation (from 1941, intensified after 1942)
The sole purpose of this stage was eliminate the entire Jewish population-as well as:
anyone who disagreed with the Nazis; members of banned political parties (Communists and Social Democrats); Jehovah’s witnesses and members of many other religious groups; Gypsies; homosexuals; blacks; people with mental and physical disabilities

12. Stage 4
It began with the liquidation of the ghettos-transporting anyone who survived the liquidation to labour camps and death camps
In parts of Russia, Latvia and Lithuania, Jews ere shot or gassed by mobile killing units and dumped in mass graves
In the rest of Europe, Jews were transported to killing centers disguised as labour camps

13. Stage 4
Most of the Jews who died in the death camps were gassed in changers disguised as showers—their bodies were burned in crematoriums
Before people were killed in the death camps, one last expropriated took place—all personal property was taken from them, including clothing, shoes, eyeglasses, gold fillings in teeth and women’s hair

14. NOTE
It’s very important to understand that NONE of these stages were inevitable.
People could decide whether or not to enforce the laws or comply with them
People who resisted, however, were usually imprisoned or executed.

15. Chronology-specific
1933
Jews who worked for the government ad to give up their jobs
Citizenship was taken away
1934
Jewish newspapers could not be sold in the streets
Marriage between Jews and Germans was illegal
All books written by Jews are burned in the streets

16. 1935
Jews cannot be in the army
1936
Jews could not vote
Jewish doctors could not work in German hospitals

17. 1938
All Jewish passports were marked with a red letter “J”
Jews could not run businesses that were owned by Germans
Jews could not go to plays, movies or concerts
Jews could not go to German public schools
All Jewish businesses were shut down
Jews could not have driver’s licenses or own cars
Jews had to hand over all jewellery and art
Jews could not go to university

18. 1939
Jews must turn in their radios
Jews must wear a yellow star on their coat
1940
Jews could not have phones
Jews were sent to concentration camps

19. 1941
Jews were not allowed to leave their homes without permission from the police
Jews were not allowed to use public phones
Jewish schools were closed

20. 1942
Jews were not allowed to have newspapers
Jews were not allowed to have pets
Jews were not allowed to have typewriters
Jews were not allowed to buy meat, eggs or milk
Jews were not allowed to use busses
Jews were not allowed to attend school