1. Excretion – Anne Miek Kremer
Task Force on GNB 14 & 15 Nov 2011
Excretion – Anne Miek Kremer

2. Content Excretion Data needs Problems DireDate recommendations
Presentation FAO
Proposed actions
Emissions
Discussion

3. Excretion: data needs Farm budget excretion = internal flow
net manure trade/withdrawals
Land budget
excretion
Soil budget
manure application
Excretion coefficients needed for GHG and NH3 emissions

4. Excretion: problems Different sources for N coefficients Harmonisation
Nitrates Directive
OECD/Eurostat GNB
UNFCCC GHG Inventory
FAO Livestock modelling
IIASA GAINS Model
GGELS etc
Harmonisation
Different methodologies to estimate coefficients
Tier 1/2/3
Expert judgement, statistical data, modelling
Standardization, comparability, transparency
Sparse data on P

5. Excretion: Diredate recommendations (1)
Excretion coefficients:
1) Volume * NP content
2) Based on animal input/output balances  preferred
Data on animal production are relatively easy to collect, concentration of nutrient content is relatively constant
Feed consumption:
Surveying feeding practices per livestock category  preferred
Estimating feed intake by modelling
Tier 2 IPCC methodology, large amount of data
Alternative: identify major variables which influence excretion and use default values for all other variables (Table 5 p51 Working Document)

6. Excretion: Diredate recommendations (2)
Regional excretion coefficients dairy cows
Estimating N excretion in housing and during grazing
Housing and grazing days
Feed composition housing vs grazing
Grazing systems at regional level where applicable
Quality control measures
Establishment of benchmark NUE major livestock types
Calculating NUE major livestock categories using reported values for N in animal production and excretion, check with benchmark
Validation farmer survey

7. Excretion: DireDate recommendations (3)
TF to develop uniform methodology
Lead: Commission DG, international institutions
Recommendations DireDate
Identify main reasons for variations in different policy reporting
Identify main components and data requirements
Identify best practices / guidelines

8. Presentation: FAO
FAO  Robert Mayo

9. Excretion: proposal Use of UNFCCC/IPCC excretion coefficients
Improving data availability  minimum level = DireDate alternative approach to Tier 2
Housing/grazing systems (Table 10.5 IPCC 2006 Tier 2)
Average daily milk production, fat content
Table 5 p51 Working Document
MS are encouraged to implement DireDate recommendations
Focus: dairy + beef cattle, sows, fattening pigs, broilers and laying hens

10. Emissions hGNS = GNS - aGNS Add sheet with emission estimates
Regional level: national factors applied on regional data

11. Emissions: data needs NH3 from manure (EMEP/EEA Guidebook)
NH3 from soils (min fertilisers + sewage sludge) (EMEP/EEA)
NH3 from field burning (EMEP/EEA Guidebook)
NO(x) from manure during storage (EMEP/EEA Guidebook)
N2 from manure during storage (EMEP/EEA Guidebook)
NO(x) from field burning (EMEP/EEA Guidebook)
Direct N2O manure animal housing + storage (IPCCC Guidelines)
NO(x) from soils (min fertilisers + sewage sludge) (EMEP/EEA)
Direct N2O from soils (IPCC 1996: 1.25% of all nitrogen inputs)
Data already available

12. Emissions: DireDate recommendations (1)
Emission factors:
Short term: Tier2
Long term: Tier 3, TAN-based meth for NH3
Housing systems
Short term: solid/liquid manure
Intermediate term: (i) anaerobic lagoon, (ii) liquid system, (iii) daily spread, (iv) solid storage and dry lot, (v) pasture range and paddock, (vi) used fuel, and (vii) other systems (IPCC)
Long term:
Housing with fully-slatted floor, partially slatted floor
tied, loose
mechanical ventilation, scrubbers or biofilters
manure separation, anaerobic digester (without/with added supplements)

13. Emissions: DireDate recommendations (1)
manure storage system
Short term: solid/liquid manure
Intermediate term: (i) anaerobic lagoon, (ii) liquid system, (iii) daily spread, (iv) solid storage and dry lot, (v) pasture range and paddock, (vi) used fuel, and (vii) other systems (IPCC)
Long term: (Tier 3)
Slurry stored in open tanks, in covered tanks, in lagoons, in underfloor pits
Manure stored in manure heaps
Manure composted
Manure incinerated

14. Emissions: DireDate manure application techniques Short-term:
broadcast (no incorporation)
reduced ammonia application technique
Long-term:
Broadcast - no incorporation, incorporation <2hrs, incorporation <1 day
Band spread
Deep injection
Shallow injection

15. Emissions: proposal Data collection: Animal housing FSS
Manure storage systems  FSS
Manure application techniques  Fertiliser survey
Introduction extra sheet in GNB worksheet

16. Discussion points - Excretion
Do you agree with the recommendations of DireDate?
Do you agree to use UNFCCC coefficients in GNB?
Do you agree with the short term proposal for improving the excretion coefficients?
Implementing DireDate alternative approach to Tier 2
Collecting data on housing/grazing systems
Do you agree to collect data on grazing/housing systems and milk production at regional level?
How to improve data availability on P?

17. Discussion points - Emissions
Do you agree with the recommendations of DireDate?
Do you agree to include the list of N emissions presented in the GNB estimation?
Do you agree to collect data on housing and manure storage in FSS?
Should data on application techniques be collected in a specific survey on fertiliser use?
Can regional emissions be estimated using national factors or should regional factors be estimated?