1. 3/27 Notes Cultural Geography Quiz 3: End of Class
Pick up all old work
First---finishing up last lecture
Spanish & Mexican SW 1 1

2. More Spanish Explorers of the Southwest
Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino
____-____ -
What did he see? 2 2

3. Spanish Presidios -
Ended in ____. 3 3

4. Spanish Missions - (White Dove of the Desert) Kino _____
____s rebuilt by __________ -. 4 4

5. ***Big Pont*** European  Native American Exchange- 5 5

6. *****Big Point***** Native American  European Exchange- - 6 6

7. 1800s Historical Dates ______ ____________ 1821
______ ____________
_______________ _____
________________________
______________ ******* 7 7

8. Athapaskans in the Southwest
Today’s Topics
Athapaskans in the Southwest
Includes Navajo and Apache
Where they came from, when
Early life ways, history, modern times
Focus on environment interactions
Leave most of the human issues for other courses

9. Athapaskans in 1900
How to Connect
North and South?
Navajo
Apache

10. Where and When
Linguistically -
Migration started ~.
Crossed many environments
SW arrival:_____s

11. Glottochronology
Study of - -
If replacement rate is known, -
Ex: Lune (L.) = Monday
Fr.: Lundi, Sp. = Lunes

12. White River Ash
East lobe: ____ bp -
North lobe: ____ bp

13. The Athapaskan Entry: 3 Models
(Post-____) -
(Pre-_____)
(A.D. ____-____)

14. Late Entry High Plains Hypothesis
Black Hills
Black Hills:
AD ____
High Plains
High Plains Drought?
AD _____-_____
Pecos Pueblo
-_________
Dinetah
Querechos

15. Early Entry Great Basin Hypothesis
AD 1000
Promontory
Promontory Gray
ceramics
Dinetah
AD1400

16. Early Entry Mountain Route
AD900?? -
AD1200?? -
Dinetah
AD1400
Early sites (_____)
ONLY in _______

17. Ancestral Navajo Homeland-

18. Early Navajo Forked-pole Hogans
Earliest Dates mid-_____s

19. Pueblitos
Built ____—____ -

20. Navajo Depopulation of Dinetah
“A severe drought which began in about ______ had major
impact on the Navajos by _____… This drought and … appear
to have caused the southern and western migration of Navajo
Populatuions and…their abandonment of the Dinetah”
Marshall 1995:203; see also Reeve 1958:20
But did it??????

21. Navajo Depopulation of Dinetah
1749
1748

22. Navajo Transition to _____________-
-Expansion ---

23. Long Walk –
___-___ miles -

24. Impossible Environmental Conditions-

25. Unfortunate Timing Climatically
Early _____s drought -

26. Return to Pastoralism -
1930s: ----
From ~_________ to _______sheep

27. Carrying Capacity - How many sheep can graze on this land
How to determine?
Can be applied to all species, at all scales.

28. Western Apache: -
Lifeways:

29. Hunters and Gatherers
Gathering -
Hunting -

30. Apache Wikiup: Minimalist Housing-
- gathering

31. Novel Twist on Apache Farming
Late spring planting -

32. Agave Harvest -

33. Peeled Trees -

34. Increment core the tree
Crossdate pre-scar ring growth
Upper Gila example: six peelings date to 1865, an emergency year (US Army)

35. Athapaskan Summary -