1. -Sorting It All Out -The Six Kingdoms
Classification
-Sorting It All Out
-The Six Kingdoms

2. Why Classify?
Classification: the division of organisms into groups based upon similar characteristics
Scientists classify organisms to help make sense and order of the many kinds of living things in the world
Approximately 2 million organisms have been identified and named to date
Estimates suggest that between 5 and 30 million organisms exist
2/3 of these organisms are insects
99% of all species identified are smaller than a bumblebee!!

3. How Do Scientists Classify Organisms?
Before the 1600s, scientists divided organisms into two groups – plants and animals
In the 1700s, a Swedish scientist named Carolus Linnaeus founded modern taxonomy
Taxonomy: science of describing, classifying, and naming living things
Linnaeus tried to classify all living things based on their shape and structure
Described a seven level system of classification still used today – KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES
“Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Sets”

4. Classification Today
Scientists use shared characteristics to hypothesize how closely related living things are
The more shared characteristics organisms have, the more closely related they are
Cladograms: branching diagrams showing the similarities and differences between organisms

6. Levels of Classification (now use 8 levels with the addition of domain)
Domain (Archae, Bacteria, Eukarya)
Kingdom (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria,
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia)
Phylum (Division – used for plants)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
“Do Kings Play Chess On Fine Gold Sets?”

7. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
leo

8. Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

9. Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

10. Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

11. Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

12. Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

13. Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

14. Kidspiration by Riedell Source: see end of show

15. Do
Kings
Play
Chess On
Fine
Gold
Sets!

16. WHY USE SCIENTIFIC NAMES??
Always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be
Binomial Nomenclature: Linnaeus’ system of giving each organism a two-part name consisting of a genus and a species name
Genus name is ALWAYS capitalized
Species name is NEVER capitalized
Scientific name is underlined OR italicized!
WHY USE SCIENTIFIC NAMES??

17. Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

18. Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

19. Common names can vary Example: ______________ ______________
Image from:
Example: ______________
______________
. . . are all names for the same animal
mountain lion
puma
catamount
cougar
By using a _____________________________,
scientists can be sure they are discussing
the same organism
universally accepted scientific name

20. Streifenhornchen (______) Tamia (______) Ardilla listada (______)
Common names vary
Chipmunk
________ (English)
Streifenhornchen (______)
Tamia (______)
Ardilla listada (______)
German
Italian
Spanish
Image from:

21. Dichotomous Keys
An aid that is used to identify organism and that consists of the answers to a series of questions
EXAMPLE: LEAF Dichotomous Key
EXAMPLE: Fish Classification Key
EXAMPLE: Arachnids and Insects Key

22. Six Kingdoms of Life Archaebacteria
Organisms: Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles, Cell Type: Prokaryotic Metabolism: Depending on species - oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur, sulfide may be needed.
Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species - nutrition intake may by absorption, non-photosynthetic photophosphorylation, or chemosynthesis. Reproduction: Asexual reproduction by binary fission, budding, or fragmentation.

23. Six Kingdoms of Life Eubacteria
Organisms: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria(blue-green algae), Actinobacteria Cell Type: Prokaryotic Metabolism: Depending on species - oxygen may be toxic, tolerated, or needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species - nutrition intake may by absorption, photosynthesis, or chemosynthesis. Reproduction: Asexual reproduction

24. Six Kingdoms of Life Protista
Organisms: Amoeba, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, euglena, slime molds Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Depending on species - nutrition intake may be by absorption, photosynthesis, or ingestion. Reproduction: Mostly asexual reproduction. Meiosis occurs in some species.

25. Six Kingdoms of Life Fungi
Organisms: Mushrooms, yeast, molds Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Absorption Reproduction: Asexual or sexual reproduction occur.

26. Six Kingdoms of Life Plantae
Organisms: Mosses, angiosperms (flowering plants), gymnosperms, liverworts, ferns Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Photosynthesis Reproduction: Some species reproduce asexually by mitosis. Other species exhibit sexual reproduction.

27. Six Kingdoms of Life Animalia
Organisms: Mammals, amphibians, sponges, insects, worms Cell Type: Eukaryotic Metabolism: Oxygen is needed for metabolism. Nutrition Acquisition: Ingestion Reproduction: Sexual reproduction