1. Name of the system: Immune System
Immunity
Name of the system: Immune System

2. What is Immunity? Immunity: ability to resist certain pathogens
Pathogen- an “agent of disease.” It is the disease causer
EX of pathogen: HIV, Flu, or common cold

3. How do we get Pathogens? Pathogens are transmitted by:
Airborne (i.e. Influenza)
Contaminated drinking water
Vector- an organism that carries a disease (i.e. tick)
Fluids (ex: HIV)

4. Does anyone know what cells fight infections?

5. White blood cells fight infections
They are also called lymphoctyes

6. Kinds of Lymphocytes B-Cells T- Cells 1. Helper T 1. Antibodies
2. Cytotoxic T
3. Memory T
1. Antibodies
2. Memory B

7. Remember previous pathogens help produce specific antibodies
T- Cells
Helper T
Assist Antibodies
Cytotoxic T
Killer T’s
“Cell Police”
Memory T
Remember previous pathogens
help produce specific antibodies

8. Specific Defense Pathogen have antigens on them
Antigens- trigger the immune response
Antigens have a protein, carbohydrate, or lipid on their surface

9. An Antigen These are proteins, They are often called carbs, or lipids
on the surface
They are often called
surface “proteins”

10. ANTIBODIES Shaped like a Y
Shape is Y so the antigen has 2 places to bind
EX: Virus attaches to antigens, clumps them, & attracts WBC’s

11. Antibody Shape
ANTIGEN BINDED

12. Steps to an Infection 1) Pathogen Invades
2) Antigens are recognized by a body’s B’cells
3) B cell’s produce specific antibodies and are released into the blood
4) Memory B & T cells are made to remember

13. Vocabulary Immunity Memory T Cell Pathogen Cytotoxic T cell Vector
Lymphocyte
Antibody
Antigen
Helper T cell

14. STOP

15. Homeostasis Disrupted
Homeostasis is disrupted in 4 MAJOR ways:
1)HIV/AIDS
2) Organ Transplant
3) Cancer
4) Allergies

16. HIV/AIDS HIV= Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS = Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV is the virus you are infected with.

17. HIV attaches to T-Helper cells, and decreases immunity
This is why people with HIV/AIDS are susceptible to many different kinds of infections

18. Cancer
Not always recognized as foreign, because cancer is made by your own cells
Cytotoxic T-cells are constantly surveilling for cancer
Causes of cancer: viral, genetic, or chemical (radiation)

19. Allergies Antigens from allergens (i.e. pet dander) bind to Mast cells
Mast cells release Histamine
Mast cells are another type of immune cells, common in nasal passages
Histamine is what causes the actual reaction
*ADD allergens are harmless is general, but their antigen is recognized as foreign

20. Organ Transplant Cytotoxic T-cells ATTACK the new organ
The new organ is seen as foreign
Patients are put on immunosuppresants for life

21. STOP

22. 2 kinds of Immunity Active Immunity Passive Immunity Natural
(Maternal)
Natural
Acquired
Acquired

23. Active Immunity: the body makes its OWN antibodies in response to an antigen
Active Natural:
an antigen enters your body and YOU make antibodies to fight it
Active Acquired:
A Vaccine
EX: Chicken Pox

24. Vaccine A vaccine is weakened or mild form of a pathogen
This weakened form stimulates an immune response to produce specific antibodies to this particular pathogen

25. Passive Immunity: lasts a LIMITED amount of time
Acquired Passive:
You are INJECTED with antibodies
EX: Rabies Shots/anti-venom
Natural Passive:
When a mother breastfeeds her child she gives the child antibodies
EX: breast milk

26. STOP

27. HIV Immune Video